Rahayu, DesyMayaning (2015) Keberagamaan Dalam Novel Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wicjk Karya Hamka. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
TKVDW merepresentasikan problematika kutural adat Minangkabau dari sudut pandang Islam modern. TKVDW merupakan bentuk kritik dan bentuk pertentangan HAMKA terhadap adat Minangkabau beserta mentalitas masyarakatnya. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah strukturalisme genetik yang menyatakan bahwa adanya homologi antara struktur karya sastra dengan struktur masyarakat, terjadi karena keduanya merupakan aktivitas strukturasi yang sama, dengan metode dialektika yang bekerja secara timbal balik dari bagian ke keseluruhan, dari teks sastra ke masyarakat, ke pandangan dunia dan sebaliknya. Mekanisme kerjanya terdiri atas tesis, antitesis, dan sintesis. Penelitian ini dilakukan guna menunjukkan nilai-nilai adat dan budaya Minangkabau, bentuk-bentuk kolonialisme dan nilai-nilai baru melalui pendidikan Islam. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya problematika kultural yang terefleksi dalam TKVDW diantaranya, (1) kedudukan ninik mamak yang diatur dalam adat Minangkabau cenderung mengarah kepada sikap kepemimpinan yang absolut sehingga terjadi banyak pertentangan antar keluarga; (2) sistem pambagian hak waris menurut adat Minangkabau terkesan rumit karena melibatkan banyak anggota keluarga dan berpotensi tidak adil; dan (3) hukum perkawinan yang melarang pernikahan dengan suku lain, mempengarahui status kemasyarakatan generasi berikutnya. Dari problematika tersebut mengakibatkan hubungan disharmonis antaranggota keluarga maupun masyarakat. HAMKA juga membentuk bangunan imajiner yang terhomologi dengan kehidupan beragama masyarakat Minangkabau dalam tiga masa yaitu: (1) sebelum datangnya Islam Muhammadiyah, ajaran agama sinkretik, banyak praktek Mistisisme dalam adat Minangkabau yang berbau kufarat dan bid’ah; (2) masa kolonialisme, gaya hidup masyarakat yang cenderung keluar dari syariat Islam seperti berjudi, minum-minuman keras, pakaian wanita yang serba pendek, dan pelakunya justru para pemegang adat; (3) pasca masuknya Islam Muhammadiyah, terbentuknya lembaga pendidikan Islam modern dengan menyusun kurikulum pendidikan yang lebih sistematis, sistem pendidikan klasikal. Dari analisis yang dilakukan, tujuan pola penceritaan yang demikian ialah HAMKA ingin menunjukkan baik dan buruknya adat lama, budaya kolonialisme, dan Islam modern sehingga pembaca dapat diarahkan untuk berfikir lebih terbuka, rasional, demokratis, dan selektif.
English Abstract
TKVDW represents cultural problems of Minangkabau tradition through modern islamic point of view. The novel is regarded as criticism as well as Hamkas resistance toward Minangkabau tradition and mentality of Minangkabau ethnic group. The theory used in this reasearch is genetic structuralism which theoritizes the homology between the structure of literary works and society. The homology is the result of the similar structural construction through dialectic method that works dialectically from part to the whole, from literary text to society, to world view and vise versa. The process of the dialetics consists of thesis, anthithesis, and synthesis. This research is conducted in the attempt of revealing values and culture in Minangkabau society, forms of colonialism and emerging new values through Islamic education. The findings of the research delieated the cultural problems in TKVDW such as (1) The position, including the leadership, of "ninik mamak" tended to be absolute so that it brought about conflicts within family; (2) The system of dividing the inheritance according to Minangkabau tradition seemed to be complicated because it involved a lot of members of family. As a consequence, the division was potentially unfair; (3) marriage rules forbided the members of Minangkabau ethnic group to marry people from other ethnic groups. This rules were based on the principle that marriage of Minangkabau people with people from other etnic groups will consequently change the status of Minangkabau family chain for the next generation. These problems resulted in disharmony among the members of Minangkabau family. Hamka also constructed imaginnary structure that was homologized with spiritual life of Minangkabau society in the three different periods: (1) before the emergence of Islam (muhammadiyah), syncretic beliefs. In this period there were mysticism practices in Minangkabau society which was saturated by kufarat and bidah(religious practices which are not based on prophet Muhammads lessons); (2) colonialism period: lifestyles of Minangkabau people tended to be in opposition to Islamic values, for instance gambling, drinking alcohols, wearing western dress. Ironically those who practed these lifestyles were Minangkabau people; (3) after the arrival of Islam ( Muhammadiyah): in this era modern islamic education with more systematic and classical curriculum was established. Based on the findings of the research it can be figured out that the purpose of narrative technique employed by Hamka was to show good and bad sides of Minangkabau traditional values, colonial cultures, ix and modern Islam so that the readers can be motivated to think more openly, rationally, democratically, and critically.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FBS/2015/636/ 051506788 |
| Subjects: | 400 Language > 420 English and Old English (Anglo-Saxon) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Ilmu Budaya > Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris |
| Depositing User: | Kustati |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Sep 2015 14:12 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Sep 2015 14:12 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/101858 |
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