Analisis Status Pencemaran Perairan dan Kesehatan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) di Hilir Sungai Rejoso, Kabupaten Pasuruan, Jawa Timur

Aini, Riang Nadiya Nur and Prof. Dr. Ir. Endang Yuli H,, MS and Prof. Dr. Ir. Maftuch,, M.Si (2021) Analisis Status Pencemaran Perairan dan Kesehatan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) di Hilir Sungai Rejoso, Kabupaten Pasuruan, Jawa Timur. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Daerah hilir Sungai Rejoso telah mengalami penurunan kondisi kualitas air dan pencemaran logam berat akibat buangan limbah yang berasal dari kegiatan industri, rumah tangga, pertanian dan perikanan. Hal tersebut dikhawatirkan dapat mengganggu kesehatan ikan nila yang hidup di daerah hilir Sungai Rejoso. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis status pencemaran perairan berdasarkan parameter kualitas air, menganalisis kesehatan ikan nila melalui hematologi dan histologi organ serta mengkaji hubungan parameter kualitas air dengan kesehatan ikan nila. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April-September 2021 di hilir Sungai Rejoso, Pasuruan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode survei dengan analisis data secara deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dan penentuan lokasi penelitian menggunakan Purposive sampling. Sampling dilakukan pada 3 stasiun dengan 9 titik pengamatan. Pengambilan sampel penelitian dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali dengan selang waktu 1 bulan sekali. Parameter yang diamati yaitu suhu, kecepatan arus, kecerahan dan TSS, pH, DO, COD, TOM, Alkalinitas, Nitrat dan Ortofosfat dan logam berat Cd. Sampel ikan yang digunakan yaitu ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) sebanyak 9 ekor. Pengamatan kesehatan ikan meliputi profil hematologi (eritrosit, leukosit, haemoglobin), mikronuklei dan histologi (insang, hati dan ginjal). Metode penentuan status pencemaran menggunakan metode STORET dan analisis data regresi linier sederhana dan korelasi. Parameter yang melebihi baku mutu PP 22 Tahun 2021 yaitu TSS, TOM, Alkalinitas dan Cd. Hasil skoring metode STORET yaitu -66 artinya hilir Sungai Rejoso berstatus tercemar berat. Jumlah eritrosit sebesar 936.667 – 1.476.667 sel/mm3, jumlah leukosit sebesar 97.917 – 156.267 sel/mm3, kadar hemoglobin sebesar 4.3 – 7.9 g% dan jumlah mikronuklei sebesar 21 - 40 sel/1000. Status kerusakan histologi organ insang, ginjal dan hati yaitu rusak sedang dengan persentase 50≤P<75%. Analisis data regresi linier antara parameter kualitas air dengan parameter hematologi didapatkan hasil TSS tidak berpengaruh dengan parameter hematologi (Sig.>0.05), TOM, Alkalinitas dan Cd berpengaruh signifikan terhadap jumlah leukosit dan mikronuklei (Sig.<0.05), sedangkan TOM dan Cd berpengaruh terhadap jumlah eritrosit dan kadar hemoglobin dan berkorelasi kuat. Analisis data regresi linier antara parameter kualitas air dengan histologi organ insang, ginjal dan hati ikan nila didapatkan hasil hanya TOM dan Cd yang berpengaruh signifikan dengan histologi insang (Sig.<0.05) dan berkorelasi kuat, sedangkan parameter yang lain tidak berpengaruh terhadap histologi ginjal dan hati (Sig.>0.05). Analisis data antara kadar Cd pada organ dengan histologi organ berpengaruh signifikan (Sig.<0.05) dengan korelasi kuat. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa perairan Hilir Sungai Rejoso berstatus tercemar berat dengan parameter yang melebihi baku mutu yaitu TSS,TOM, Alkalinitas dan Cd. Status kesehatan ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yaitu ikan kurang sehat dengan tingkat kerusakan organ sedang. Saran yang dapat diberikan yaitu perlu dihimbau kepada pemerintah, masyarakat dan pemilik industri yang berada di sekitar aliran Sungai Rejoso untuk tidak membuang sampah secara langsung ke sungai. Perlu dihimbau juga kepada masyarakat sekitar untuk lebih berhati-hati dalam mengkonsumsi ikan nila yang ditangkap dari Sungai Rejoso karena kandungan logam berat Cd pada ikan tinggi.

English Abstract

Rejoso River has experienced decreasing in water quality conditions and heavy metal pollution due to waste disposal originating from industrial, household, agricultural, and fishery activities. It quails that it could interfere with the health of tilapia that live in the lower reaches of the Rejoso River. The purpose of this study was to analyze the status of water pollution based on water quality parameters, analyze the health of tilapia through hematology and organ histology, and examine the relationship between water quality parameters and the health of tilapia. The research conducts in April-September 2021 downstream of the Rejoso River, Pasuruan. The method used is the survey method with descriptive data analysis. The technique of collecting data and determining the research location used purposive sampling. Sampling carries out at three stations with nine observation points. The research sample takes three times with an interval of 1 month. Parameters observed were temperature, current velocity, brightness and TSS, pH, DO, COD, TOM, Alkalinity, Nitrate and Orthophosphate, and heavy metal Cd. The fish samples used were tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as much as nine tails. Fish health observations included hematological profiles (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and hemoglobin), micronuclei, and histology (gills, liver, and kidneys). The method of determining the status of pollution uses the STORET method. The data analysis used is simple linear regression. The results obtained are parameters that exceed the quality standards of PP 22 of 2021, namely TSS, TOM, Alkalinity, and Cd. The results of the STORET scoring method are -66, meaning that the downstream of the Rejoso River are heavily polluted. The health status of tilapia is less healthy fish. The number of erythrocytes is 936.667 – 1.476.667 cells/mm3, the number of leukocytes is 97.917 – 156.267 cells/mm3, the hemoglobin content is 4.3-7.9 g%. The number of micronuclei is 21-40 cells/1000. The total histological damage to the gills, kidneys, and liver has status damage moderate with a percentage of 50≤P<75%. Analysis of linear regression data between water quality parameters and hematological parameters showed that TSS had no effect on hematological parameters (Sig.> 0.05), TOM, Alkalinity and Cd had a significant effect on the number of leukocytes and micronuclei (Sig. <0.05), while TOM and Cd had a significant effect on on the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin levels and strongly correlated. Analysis of linear regression data between water quality parameters and histology of gill organs, kidneys and liver of tilapia showed that only TOM and Cd had a significant effect on gill histology (Sig.<0.05) and were strongly correlated, while the other parameters had no effect on kidney and liver histology (Sig.>0.05). heart. Data analysis between Cd levels in organs and organ histology had a significant effect (Sig.<0.05) with a strong correlation. It concludes that the downstream of Rejoso River indicate heavy pollution with parameters that exceed the quality standards, namely TSS, TOM, Alkalinity, and Cd. The health status of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is an unhealthy fish with a moderate level of organ damage. Suggestions that are giving necessary to appeal to the government, community, and industrial owners who are around the Rejoso River flow not to throw garbage directly into the river. It is also necessary to appeal to the surrounding community to be more careful in consuming tilapia caught from the Rejoso River because the heavy metal content of Cd in fish is high.

Item Type:	Thesis (Magister)
Identification Number:	0421080011
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Leukosit, eritrosit, hemoglobin, mikronuklei, signifikan, regresi,Leukocytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, micronuclei, significant, regression
Subjects:	600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 639 Hunting, fishing & conservation > 639.3 Culture of cold-blooded vertebrates
Divisions:	S2/S3 > Magister Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan
Depositing User:	soegeng sugeng
Date Deposited:	12 Jan 2022 02:24
Last Modified:	10 Oct 2024 08:05
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/188201

Text RIANG NADIYA NUR AINI.pdf Download (5MB)

Actions (login required)

View Item