Gunawan, Cynthia Dewi (2018) Pengaruh Elektroporasi (Pef) Biji Pala Terhadap Rendemen Dan Kualitas Minyak Pala Menggunakan Teknik Destilasi Uap-Air. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman pala (Myristica fragrans) merupakan tanaman asli Indonesia yang berasal dari pulau Banda. Minyak pala menghasilkan rendemen minyak atsiri tertinggi melalui proses destilasi uap-air. Rendemen minyak fuli antara 7-18 % (rata-rata 11 %) dan rendemen pada biji pala 9-11%. Mengingat sedikitnya rendemen minyak yang dihasilkan dari proses destilasi maka perlu dilakukan perlakuan pendahuluan menggunakan Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) pada biji pala utuh sebelum proses destilasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan PEF biji pala utuh terhadap rendemen dan kualitas minyak pala dari kombinasi perlakuan (lama destilasi dan lama paparan PEF). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah lama paparan PEF (A) dengan 3 level yakni 240 detik, 360 detik, dan 480 detik. Faktor kedua yaitu lama destilasi (B) dengan 3 level yakni 6 jam, 10 jam, 14 jam. Percobaan dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali ulangan sehingga terdapat 27 satuan percobaan. Pengolahan dan analisis data dilakukan menggunakan analisis ragam atau ANOVA (Analysis of Variant). Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian indeks bias, berat jenis dan perhitungan rendemen serta energi masukan spesifik. Penerapan tegangan tinggi mengakibatkan terjadinya “gate ion channels” yaitu terjadinya pergerakkan ion dalam bahan akibat adanya perbedaan potensial di luar dan di dalam dinding sel. Dari kombinasi perlakuan lama PEF dan lama destilasi didapatkan perlakuan terbaik yaitu lama PEF 240 detik dan lama destilasi 14 jam. Hasil dari perlakuan terbaik terlihat bahwa peningkatan volume rendemen dengan menggunakan PEF sebanyak 26.45-27.77%. Nilai indeks bias yang didapatkan sudah memenuhi standar. Adanya peningkatan berat jenis pada perlakuan dengan menggunakan PEF. Energi yang dibutuhkan 8 untuk menghasilkan sampel terbaik yaitu sebesar 2.986 kJ/cm3. Perlakuan PEF juga mempengaruhi banyaknya komponen yang terdeteksi.
English Abstract
The nutmeg plant (Myristica fragrans) is native to Indonesia who came from the island of Banda. Nutmeg oil produces the highest yield of essential oil through a steam distillation. The yield of oil of mace between 7-18% (average 11%) and yield of seed of nutmeg 9-11%. Given at least the yield of oil produced from the distillation process it is necessary to pre-treatment using Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) in whole nutmeg seed before the distillation process. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of PEF treatment of whole nutmeg seed on the yield and quality of nutmeg oil from a combination of treatments (duration of distillation and PEF). This study uses a randomized block design (RAK) with two factors. The first factor is the duration of PEF (A) with 3 levels, i.e. 240 seconds, 360 seconds, and 480 seconds. The second factor is the duration of distillation (B) with 3 levels, i.e. 6 hours, 10 hours, 14 hours. The experiment was conducted 3 replications so that there were 27 experimental units. Analysis data were performed using analysis of variance or ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). In this research, refractive index, specific gravity and yield and specific input energy were calculated. The application of high voltage leads to the occurrence of "gate ion channels" i.e. the occurrence of ionic movement in the material due to potential differences outside and inside the cell wall. From the combination of PEF treatment and long distillation, the best treatment was PEF 240 seconds and 14 hours distillation time. The results of the best treatment showed that the increase in yield volume using PEF was 26.45-27.77%. The refractive index value obtained meets the standard. The presence of increased specific gravity on the treatment using PEF. The 10 energy needed to produce the best sample is 2,986 kJ/cm3. PEF treatment also affects the number of detected components.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FTP/2018/253/051806184 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Biji pala, PEF,destilasi air dan uap, minyak, rendemen,/ nutmeg seeds, PEF, water and steam distillation, oil yield. |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 661 Technology of industrial chemicals > 661.8 Organic chemicals > 661.806 Essential oils |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Industri Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Endang Susworini |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Oct 2019 02:35 |
| Last Modified: | 23 Nov 2021 01:55 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/164276 |
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