Setyawan, Rony and Ir. Didik Suprayogo, M.Sc., Ph.D (2021) Evaluasi Perubahan Karakteristik Tanah, Pembungaan Dan Produktivitas Akibat Perbedaan Umur Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
PT. Sampoerna Agro Tbk. mengalami keragaman dan fluktuasi produksi tandan buah segar (TBS) yang mana dapat mempengaruhi ketersediaan produksi Crude palm oil (CPO). Umur tanaman kelapa sawit yang beragam dapat Budidaya kelapa sawit diberbagai umur tanaman yang diusahakan di tanah masam (Ultisol) memiliki beberapa kendala seperti reaksi tanah yang masam, miskinnya kandungan unsur hara bagi tanaman dan aktivitas pembungaan sehingga mempengaruhi hasil tandan buah kelapa sawit. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi perubahan karakteristik tanah, pembungaan dan produktivitas akibat perbedaan umur kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilaksanakan di PT. Sampoerna Agro Tbk., kebun Surya Adi dan Mesuji, Sumatera Selatan. Penelitian dengan melakukan pengamatan bunga, analisis tanah dan pengumpulan data sekunder, yaitu data produktivitas kelapa sawit di tahun 2017. Pengamatan bunga dilakukan dengan menghitung jumlah bunga betina dan jumlah bunga jantan dengan populasi sekitar 136 pohon dalam plot pengamatan yang ditetapkan seluas 1 ha pada kebun kelapa sawit dengan umur tanaman 7, 10, 15 dan 20 tahun di jenis tanah Ultisol berplintit. Sedangkan analisis tanah, yaitu tekstur, BI, pH, C-organik, N-total, P-tersedia dan KTK. Pengambilan contoh tanah dilakukan pada kebun kelapa sawit dengan umur tanaman 7, 10, 15 dan 20 tahun di empat lokasi, yaitu antar pokok (AP), gawangan mati (GM), jalan setapak (JS) dan piringan (PI) di empat kedalaman di tiap lokasinya, yaitu 0–10, 10–20, 50–60 dan 90–100 cm untuk analisis tekstur, pH, C-org, N-total, P-tersedia dan KTK. Sedangkan analisis BI di dua kedalaman, yaitu 0–10 dan 10–20 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sex ratio umur tanaman kelapa sawit 7, 10 dan 15 tahun memiliki sex ratio tinggi di kisaran 80–90%; sedangkan pada umur tanaman kelapa sawit 20 tahun sex ratio menurun di kisaran 50–70%. Produktivitas kelapa sawit meningkat pada umur tanaman 7–10 tahun dan produktivitas menurun pada umur tanaman 15–20 tahun. Lokasi penelitian memiliki kelas tekstur bervariasi berdasarkan kedalaman lapisan tanahnya, yaitu pasir berlempung, lempung berpasir, lempung liat berpasir, liat berpasir dan liat; BI kisaran 1,18–1,68 g cm-3, pH H2O sangat masam sampai agak masam (3,8–5,6), pH KCl masam sampai netral (3,5–4,8), C-organik sangat rendah sampai tinggi (0,23–3,13%), N- total sangat rendah sampai sedang (0,030–0,230%), P-tersedia sangat rendah sampai sangat tinggi (5–1474 ppm) dan KTK sangat rendah sampai tinggi (2,40– 34,48 me/100 g). Penambahan umur tanaman kelapa sawit dari umur tananaman 7, 10 dan 15 tahun ke umur tanaman 20 tahun menurunkan sex ratio bunga kelapa sawit sebesar 30–40%, sehingga berpotensi menghasilkan produktivitas tandan rendah. Namun, penambahan umur tanaman kelapa sawit dapat mempengaruhi peningkatan karakteristik kesuburan tanah
English Abstract
PT. Sampoerna Agro Tbk. experiencing diversity and fluctuations in the production of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) which can affect the availability of crude palm oil (CPO) production. Cultivation of oil palm at various ages of plants cultivated on acid soils (Ultisols) has several obstacles such as acid soil reaction, poor nutrient content for plants and flowering activity that affect the yield of oil palm fruit bunches. The purpose of the study was to evaluate changes in soil characteristics, flowering and productivity due to differences in oil palm age. The research was conducted at PT. Sampoerna Agro Tbk., Surya Adi and Mesuji estate, South Sumatera. Research by flower observations, soil analysis and secondary data collection, namely oil palm productivity data in 2017. Flower observations were carried out by counting the number of female flowers and the number of male flowers with a population of about 136 trees in an observation plot that was set at 1 ha in an oil palm plantation with plant ages of 7, 10, 15 and 20 years in soil types Ultisols are intricate. While soil analysis, namely texture, BI, pH, C-organic, N-total, P-available and CEC. Soil sampling was carried out on oil palm plantations with plant ages of 7, 10, 15 and 20 years in four locations, namely Antar Pokok (AP), Gawangan Mati (GM), Jalan Setapak (JS) and Piringan (PI) at four depths in each location, namely 0–10, 10–20, 50–60 and 90–100 cm for texture, pH, C-org, N-total, P-available and CEC analysis. Meanwhile, BI analyzes at two depths, namely 0–10 and 10–20 cm. The results showed that the sex ratios of oil palm plantations of 7, 10 and 15 years had high sex ratios in the range of 0.8–0.9; Meanwhile, at the age of 20 years, the sex ratio decreased in the range of 0.5–0.7. Oil palm productivity increases at plant age of 7–10 years and productivity decreases at plant age 15–20 years. The research location has varying textures based on the depth of the soil layer, namely loamy sand, sandy loam, sandy loam, sandy loam and loam; BI range 1.18–1.68 kg m-2; pH of H2O is very acidic to slightly acidic (3.8–5.6), pH of KCl is acidic to neutral (3.5–4.8); C-organic is very low to high (0.23–3.13%); N-total is very low to moderate (0.030–0.230%); P-available is very low to very high (5– 1474 ppm) and CEC is very low to high (2.40–34.48 me / 100 g). The addition age of oil palm plantations from 7, 10 and 15 years to 20 years reduces the sex ratio of oil palm flowers by 30–40%, thus potentially producing low bunch productivity. However, increasing the age of oil palm plants can affect the increase in soil fertility characteristics
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0521040270 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.4 Soil science |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Jul 2022 06:24 |
| Last Modified: | 07 Oct 2024 07:54 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/192890 |
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