Sa'diyah, Jamilatus (2019) Diversitas Morfologi dan Fitokimia serta Inisiasi Propagasi In Vitro Tanaman Obat Cabe Jawa (Piper Retrofractum Vahl.) di Pulau Madura. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Cabe Jawa (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) termasuk salah satu anggota famili Piperaceae yang memiliki nilai ekonomi cukup tinggi. Tanaman ini ditemui di sepanjang Pulau Madura mulai dari Kabupaten Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan, dan Kabupaten Sumenep. Berbagai manfaat cabe Jawa berdasarkan fitokimia yang telah dikenal di berbagai belahan dunia membuat kebutuhan akan cabe Jawa saat ini mencapai 6 juta ton/tahun, sementara Indonesia hanya memenuhi sepertiga dari kebutuhan dunia tersebut. Produksi cabe Jawa selama ini masih dilakukan dengan stek secara tradisional sedangkan budidaya secara in vitro belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis diversitas morfologi tanaman cabe Jawa dan korelasinya dengan faktor abiotik di beberapa daerah sentra penghasilnya di Pulau Madura. Selain itu, penelitian ini dilakukan juga untuk menentukan perbedaan kadar piperin, minyak atsiri dan korelasinya dengan faktor abiotik, mengevaluasi pengaruh media tanam terhadap induksi tunas cabe jawa secara in vitro dari eksplan nodus, petiole, dan lamina. Serta menganalisis korelasi antara faktor abiotik, diversitas morfologi, kadar piperin, dan minyak atsiri tanaman cabe Jawa. Kegiatan eksplorasi lapang pada 17 daerah sentra penghasil cabe jawa, pengukuran morfomerti dan faktor abiotik, inisiasi propagasi in vitro, serta analisis fitokimia secara in vivo menggunakan G-C dan HPLC juga dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian. Data yang telah dikumpulkan dianalisis menggunakan program PAST, selain itu juga dilakukan analsisis ANOVA dan korelasi menggunakan SPSS versi 1.6. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa diversitas morfologi tanaman cabe jawa di antara 17 daerah sentra penghasil di Pulau Madura mengelompok menjadi dua cluster berdasarkan karakter daun. Namun, kedua cluster tersebut tidak berkorelasi signifikan dengan faktor abiotik. Tanaman cabe jawa di antara 17 daerah sentra penghasil di Pulau Madura menghasilkan kadar piperin dan minyak atsiri bervariasi yang mengelompok menjadi dua cluster berdasarkan organ penghasil metabolit sekundernya. Hal tersebut tidak berkorelasi signifikan dengan faktor abiotik. Tingkat keberhasilan sterilisasi dan inisiasi tunas cabe jawa secara in vitro masih sangat rendah. Diantara seluruh faktor abiotik, morfologi, dan fitokimia tidak terdapat korelasi yang signifikan.
English Abstract
Long pepper (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) is one of the members of the Piperaceae family which has a high economic value. This plant is found along Madura Island starting from Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan, and Sumenep Regencies. Various benefits of long pepper based on its phytochemicals that have been known in various parts of the world make the need for long pepper currently reaching 6 million tons, while Indonesia only fulfill third of the world's needs. The long pepper production has been done traditionally by cuttings slip of plant, while in vitro cultivation has not been done much. This study was conducted to analyse the diversity of long pepper morphology and their correlation to abiotic factors in several producing centres in Madura Island. To determine the difference levels of piperin and essential oils in long pepper and its correlation to abiotic factors, evaluating the effect of media on long pepper in vitro shoots induction from nodes, petioles, and lamina explants. Than analysing the correlation of abiotic factors, morphology diversity, piperin and essential oils levels of long pepper. To achieve this goal, field exploration activities were carried out in 17 long pepper producing centers, measurements of morphology and abiotic factors, initiation of in vitro propagation using factorial randomized group design with media type and explant type as factors, in vivo phytochemical analysis using GC to find out the essential oil levels of limonene, terpinolene and alpha-pinene. HPLC analysis was also carried out to determine piperine levels in 17 long pepper producing centres in Madura Island. The collected data were analyzed using PAST program, ANOVA and correlation analysis using SPSS version 6.1 were also conducted. The results of this study indicate that the morphology diversity of long pepper plants among the 17 producing centres on Madura Island was grouped into two clusters based on leaf characters. However, those two clusters did not correlate significantly with abiotic factors. Piperin and essential oils produces levels of long pepper where vary and grouped into two clusters based on the organ that produce the secondary metabolites. This also does not significantly correlate with abiotic factors. The success rate of sterilization and initiation of in vitro shoots initiation are still very low. Among all abiotic, morphological, and phytochemical factors there was no significant correlation.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/615.323 25/SAD/d/2019/041904774 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Cabe Jawa, diversitas morfologi, diversitas fitokimia, inisiasi propagasi in vitro *Long pepper, morphology diversity, phytochemical diversity, in vitro propagation initiation |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 615 Pharmacology and therapeutics > 615.3 Organics drugs > 615.32 Drugs derived from plants and mikroorganisms > 615.323 25 Drugs derived from specific plants (Piperales) |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Biologi, Fakultas MIPA |
| Depositing User: | Endang Susworini |
| Date Deposited: | 19 Jul 2022 08:27 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Jul 2022 08:27 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/192338 |
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