Silaen, Pra Setiawan and Karlina, Diyana (2019) Sintesis Karbon Aktif dari Kulit Singkong untuk Menurunkan Kadar Cr(VI) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Awal Limbah Cr (VI) dan Aktivator ZnCl2. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Industri elektroplating merupakan industri pelapisan logam pada alat-alat rumah tangga, peralatan industri, otomotif dan lain-lain. Logam berat kromium (Cr) dalam bentuk Cr(VI) terkandung dalam limbah cair hasil industri elektroplating yang mana dapat berpotensi mencemari lingkungan dan berbahaya bagi kesehatan makhluk hidup. Kadar krom heksavalen pada limbah cair industri pelapisan logam berkisar 105,65 ppm (dimana nilai tersebut melebihi ambang batas yang ditetapkan melalui Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Republik Indonesia Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 Tentang Baku Mutu Air Limbah Bagi Usaha Dan/Atau Kegiatan Industri Pelapisan Logam Dan Galvanis yaitu sebesar 0,1 mg/L. Maka dari itu dilakukan penurunan kadar Cr(VI) dalam limbah cair industri elektroplating secara adsorpsi untuk memenuhi baku mutu kualitas air bersih. Penurunan kadar Cr(VI) dengan metode adsorpsi membutuhkan adsorben karbon aktif. Pembuatan karbon aktif dari kulit singkong terdiri dari karbonisasi dan aktivasi. Karbonisasi kulit singkong menjadi karbon berlangsung pada suhu 420±20 ̊ C selama 90 menit, sedangkan proses aktivasi kimia dengan 0,5M, 1M dan 1,5M ZnCl2 dilakukan secara impregnasi selama 24 jam. Limbah Cr(VI) sintetis dibuat dengan menggunakan senyawa K2Cr2O7 dengan variasi konsentrasi 60 ppm, 80 ppm, 100 ppm, 120 ppm dan 140 ppm. Pengukuran konsentrasi sampel limbah Cr(VI) setelah adsorpsi dapat dilakukan dengan spektrofotometer Uv-vis. Karakterisasi karbon aktif dilakukan untuk memenuhi standar (SNI) 06-3730-1995 tentang arang aktif teknis. Hasil karakterisasi karbon teraktivasi 0,5M, 1M dan 1,5M ZnCl2 didapatkan kadar air berturut-turut sebesar 1,03%, 1,04% dan 1,02%, sedangkan untuk kadar abu 0,5M, 1M dan 1,5M ZnCl2 didapatkan 21,78%, 18,58%, 15,73% dan untuk kadar karbon terikat didapatkan 61,97% , 65,22% dan 66,78%. Hasil adsorpsi dalam penurunan logam Cr(VI) menunjukkan peningkatan persen penyisihan seiring dengan berkurangnya konsentrasi adsorbat. Adsorpsi menggunakan karbon aktif 0,5M, 1M dan 1,5M ZnCl2 didapatkan persen penyisihan logam Cr(VI) terbesar pada konsentrasi awal 60 ppm, diikuti dengan 80 ppm, 100 ppm, 120 ppm dan 140 ppm. Namun, hasil penyisihan terbaik jika dilihat dari konsentrasi aktivator ZnCl2 yang digunakan menunjukkan bahwa karbon teraktivasi 1,5M ZnCl2 menghasilkan persen penyisihan terbesar pada setiap konsentrasi awal adsorbat Cr (VI). Pengujian XRF dan FT-IR juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui kadar mineral oksida yang terkandung dalam karbon aktif serta untuk mengetahui gugus fungsi yang berperan dalam penyisihan logam Cr (VI). Hasil uji XRF menunjukan penurunan kadar abu seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi aktivator ZnCl2 yang digunakan, sedangkan uji FT-IR menunjukkan adanya gugus hidroksi (-OH), karboksil (-COOH), dan amina (-NH3) pada karbon teraktivasi 0,5M, 1M dan 1,5M ZnCl2 yang berperan untuk mengikat adsorbat Cr (VI).
English Abstract
The electroplating industry is a metal coating industry in household appliances, industrial equipment, automotive and others. Heavy metal chromium (Cr) in the form of Cr (VI) is contained in liquid waste from the electroplating industry which can potentially pollute the environment and be harmful to the health of living things. The hexavalent chromium content of the metal coating industry wastewater ranges from 105.65 ppm (where the value exceeds the threshold set through the Republic of Indonesia Minister of Environment Regulation Number 5 of 2014 concerning Waste Water Quality Standards for Metal and Galvanized Coating Industry and / or Industrial Activities that is equal to 0.1 mg/L. Therefore, a reduction Cr (VI) levels in the electroplating industry wastewater carried out by adsorption to fulfill the quality standards of clean water quality. Reduction levels of Cr (VI) by adsorption method requires activated carbon adsorbent. Preparation of activated carbon from cassava peel consists of carbonization and activation. Carbonization of cassava peel into carbon took place at temperature 420 ± 20 ̊ C for 90 minutes, while the chemical activation process with 0.5M, 1M and 1.5M ZnCl2 was carried out by impregnation for 24 hours. Synthetic Cr (VI) waste is made using the K2Cr2O7 compound with variations in concentrations of 60 ppm, 80 ppm, 100 ppm, 120 ppm and 140 ppm. The measurement concentration of Cr (VI) waste samples after adsorption can be done with a Uv-vis spectrophotometer. The characterization of activated carbon was carried out to fulfill the standards (SNI) 06-3730-1995 concerning technical activated carbon. The results of the characterization activated carbon 0.5M, 1M and 1.5M ZnCl2 obtained that water content is in a row of 1.03%, 1.04% and 1.02%, whereas for ash content in activated carbon 0.5M, 1M and 1.5M ZnCl2 21.78%, 18.58%, 15.73% were obtained and for bound carbon content were obtained 61.97%, 65.22% and 66.78%. The results of adsorption in the reduction of metal Cr (VI) showed an increase in percent removal along with a reduced concentration of adsorbate. Adsorption using 0.5M, 1M and 1.5M ZnCl2 activated carbon obtained the largest percent removal of Cr (VI) metal at the initial concentration of 60 ppm, followed by 80 ppm, 100 ppm, 120 ppm and 140 ppm. However, the best allowance results when viewed from the concentration of ZnCl2 activator used showed that the activated carbon of 1.5M ZnCl2 results the largest percentage of removal at each initial concentration of Cr (VI) adsorbate. XRF and FT-IR tests were also conducted to determine the levels of oxide minerals contained in activated carbon and to determine the functional groups that play a role in Cr (VI) metal removal. The XRF test results showed a decrease in ash content along with the increasing concentration of ZnCl2 activator, while the FT-IR test showed the presence of hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), and amine groups (-NH3) on activated carbon 0.5M, 1M and 1.5M ZnCl2 which served to bind adsorbates of Cr (VI).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FT/2019/260/051904719 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Cr (VI), karbon aktif, ZnCl2-Cr (VI), Activated carbon , ZnCl2 |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 541 Physical chemistry > 541.3 Miscellaneous topics in physical chemistry > 541.33 Surface chemistry > 541.335 Adsorption |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknik > Teknik Kimia |
| Depositing User: | Sugeng Moelyono |
| Date Deposited: | 23 Jul 2020 06:28 |
| Last Modified: | 15 Aug 2020 07:55 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/171254 |
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