Nugraheni, Putranty Widha (2017) Ekstrak Teh Hijau (Camellia Sinensis L.) Sebagai Agen Antihiperurisemia Ditinjau Dari Kadar Asam Urat, Kreatinin, Malondialdehid, Dan Gambaran Histopatologi Ginjal Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus). Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Asam urat merupakan produk oksidasi hipoxantin dan xantin oleh enzim xantin oksidase yang banyak ditemukan pada cairan ekstraselular. Asam urat yang berada di dalam tubuh dapat berasal dari sumber endogen yang berasal dari produk akhir perombakan protein maupun nukleoprotein, dan sumber eksogen yang berasal dari makanan yang mengandung banyak senyawa purin. Dalam jumlah sedikit, asam urat masih dapat dimetabolisme sebagai bagian dari diet bahkan memiliki fungsi sebagai antioksidan, namun apabila berlebihan dapat berperan sebagai prooksidan dan memicu aktivitas enzim xantin oksidase secara berlebihan pada kedua jenis purin, yaitu adenosin dan guanine. Hiperurisemia adalah suatu kondisi dimana asam urat berada pada keadaan super jenuh pada plasma sehingga kadar asam urat berada diatas kadar normal. Aktivitas xantin oksidase yang berlebihan memicu pembentukan ROS seperti O2 -• dan H2O2• yang berlebihan sehingga meningkatkan proses peroksidase lipid. Sampai saat ini, allopurinol adalah obat yang paling banyak digunakan karena paling efektif dalam menghambat aktivitas xantin oksidase, namun penggunaannya dapat menimbulkan beberapa efek samping yang cukup serius, seperti nefropati, reaksi alergi, dan gangguan pencernaan. Salah satu tanaman yang diduga dapat menurunkan kadar asam urat adalah teh hijau (Camellia sinensis L.) karena mengandung banyak antioksidan polifenol, khususnya flavonoid yang memiliki sifat antioksidan yang kuat dengan melakukan beberapa mekanisme, seperti anti peroksidase lipid, peredam radikal bebas, pengikat logam, dan penghambat beberapa enzim termasuk xantin oksidase. Penelitian ini mempelajari potensi teh hijau pada tikus putih hiperurisemia yang telah diberi diet tinggi purin dan diukur berdasarkan kadar asam urat total di darah dan urin, kadar kreatinin, kadar malondialdehid, dan gambaran histopatologi ginjal. Penggunaan hewan coba telah disetujui komisi etik Universitas Brawijaya dengan nomor. 690- KEP-UB. Tikus dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok: kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, terapi allopurinol, terapi teh hijau dengan 3 dosis, yaitu 150, 300, dan 600 mg/kgBB. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 4 tahap: (1) Uji kualitatif flavonoid dalam ekstrak teh hijau, (2) Pembuatan hewan model hiperurisemia dengan diet tinggi purin selama 60 hari, dan (3) Perlakuan tikus model hiperurisemia secara in vivo menggunakan ekstrak teh hijau, (4) Analisis kadar asam urat di serum dan di urin, kadar MDA pada ginjal, kadar kreatinin pada serum, dan gambaran histopatologi ginjal. Uji kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa EGCG merupakan flavonoid yang paling banyak terkandung dalam teh hijau. Hasil analisis statistik membuktikan teh hijau dengan dosis 600 mg/kgBB hijau dapat menurunkan kadar asam urat sebanyak 55,25% (p < 0,01), meningkatkan ekskresi asam urat sebanyak 18,91% (p < 0,01), menurunkan kadar MDA ginjal sebanyak 58,85% (p < 0,01), menurunkan kadar kreatinin sebesar 24,5% (p > 0,05), dan memperbaiki gambaran histopatologi ginjal.
English Abstract
Uric acid is a product of oxidation of hypoxanthine and xanthine by xanthine oxidase enzyme that is found in extracellular fluid. Uric acid in the body derived from endogenous sources (end-product degradation of proteins and nucleoproteins) and exogenous sources (derived from foods containing purine compounds). In small amounts, uric acid metabolized as part of the diet and, moreover, it has antioxidant function. But excessive purines act as pro-oxidant and trigger excessive xanthine oxidase activity to both purine type, which is adenosine and guanine. When uric acid levels exceed normal limits, uric acid will build up and causing hyperuricemia. Excessive xanthine oxidase activity leads to excessive ROS formation such as O2 -• and H2O2• which increases the lipid peroxidase process. Allopurinol is one of the most effective and most widely used drug for hyperuricemia, because it is most effective in inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity, but its use can cause some serious side effects, such as nephropathy, allergic reactions, and indigestion, therefore it needs alternative therapy. One plant that may be expected to low uric acid levels is green tea (Camellia sinensis L.), that contains many antioxidants polyphenols, especially flavonoid. It has strong antioxidant properties by performing several mechanisms, such as lipid peroxidase, free radical absorbers, metal binders, and inhibit several enzymes include xanthine oxidase. This study expresses the potential of green tea with variation dose of 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg of weight in 24 white male rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain that has been given a high purine diet in 60 consecutive days, and measured by total uric acid levels in blood and urine, creatinine levels, malondialdehyde levels, and renal histopathology. The use of experimental animals has been approved by Brawijaya University ethics committee with the number. 690-KEP-UB. Rats were divided into 6 groups: negative control, positive control, allopurinol therapy, and green tea therapy with 3 doses, i.e. 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg BW. The study consisted of 4 stages: (1) qualitative test of flavonoids in green tea extract, (2) modeling of hyperuricemia rats with high purine diet for 60 days, and (3) in vivo treatment of hyperuricemia rats using green tea extract, 4) Analysis of uric acid levels in serum and urine, MDA levels in the kidneys, serum creatinine levels, and renal histopathology. Qualitative tests show that EGCG is the most flavonoid contained in green tea. The results of statistical analysis using One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey analysis by SPSS 23.0 proved that green tea with dose of 600 mg/kg BW green can decrease uric acid levels as much as 55.25% (p < 0.01), increase uric acid excretion as much as 18.91% (p < 0.01), lower levels MDA of the kidney as much as 58.85% (p < 0.01), decreased creatinine level by 24.5% (p > 0.05), and improved renal histopathology.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/615.323 624/NUG/e/2017/041709073 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | GREEN TEA, CAMELLIAS, WIC ACID, CREATININE, MALONDIALDEHYDE, HYPERURICEMIA |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 615 Pharmacology and therapeutics > 615.3 Organics drugs > 615.32 Drugs derived from plants and mikroorganisms > 615.323 624 Drugs derived from specific plants (Mangosteens, Tea) |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Kimia, Fakultas MIPA |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 09 Apr 2018 02:34 |
| Last Modified: | 30 Nov 2021 00:49 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/9288 |
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