Hubungan Negara-Masyarakat Dalam Proses Pembentukan Daerah Otonom (Studi Pada Proses Pembentukan Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Timur)

Damopolii, Lukman (2013) Hubungan Negara-Masyarakat Dalam Proses Pembentukan Daerah Otonom (Studi Pada Proses Pembentukan Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Timur). Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh maraknya tuntutan pembentukan daerah otonom di Indonesia dewasa ini. Mengingat esensi otonomi daerah tidak sekedar hak daerah memperoleh otonomi, tetapi juga kewajiban daerah melaksanakan otonomi, maka sangat diperlukan kemandirian daerah dalam menyelenggarakan urusan pemerintahan yang telah terdesentralisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis hubungan negaramasyarakat dalam proses pembentukan daerah otonom, dilihat dari aspek latar belakang tuntutan pembentukan, proses pembentukan, dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam proses pembentukan Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang menghasilkan data deskriptif. Data diperoleh dari wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisa digunakan model Milles dan huberman melalui langkah pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa; pertama, latar belakang tuntutan pembentukan Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Timur dipicu oleh upaya lokalisasi kekuasaan untuk menciptakan pusat kekuasaan baru di daerah dan gerakan sosial berbasis etnik. Lokalisasi kekuasaan terlihat pada upaya meningkatkan jumlah institusi politik, birokrasi, serta alokasi anggaran yang bersumber dari Pemerintah Pusat, dan elit lokal yang berperan dalam proses pembentukan selanjutnya menjadi aktor politik lokal pasca daerah ini terbentuk. Sementara gerakan sosial dipicu oleh konflik sosial antara etnis mongondow dan etnis minahasa, gerakan reaksioner masyarakat etnis mongondow untuk kembali pada kejayaan kerajaan Bolaang Mongondow masa lalu, pembandingan dengan pembentukan daerah otonom lain, adanya peluang politik yang dibuka oleh negara. Kedua, pembentukan daerah ini terbagi dalam tiga tahap yakni sosialisasi dan konsolidasi elit, pemekaran desa dan kecamatan, serta pendekatan dan komunikasi politik dengan partai politik dan anggota DPR. Dalam hal keterpenuhan syarat menurut UU 32/2004 dan PP 78/2007, daerah ini telah memenuhi syarat administratif dan teknis kewilayahan namun belum memenuhi syarat teknis. Ketiga, partisipasi masyarakat dilakukan dalam bentuk mengikuti musyawarah, pengumpulan dana dan hibah tanah atau bangunan, serta pemasangan atribut pemekaran. Secara keseluruhan telah ada pertanda partisipasi (tokenism), walaupun belum sampai pada derajat kendali warga. Rekomendasi penelitian ini antara lain; 1) pemerintah perlu menetapkan rasio kapasitas keuangan daerah bagi calon daerah otonom; 2) perlu diperkuat dialogisme antar budaya untuk menghindari konflik sosial; 3) pemerintah perlu melakukan pengendalian internal terhadap pelaksanaan tugas pengujian usulan pembentukan daerah otonom; 4) revitalisasi musyawarah terutama dalam konteks perumusan agenda kebijakan pembentukan daerah otonom.

English Abstract

This research is motivated by the increased demand for the establishment of an autonomous region in Indonesia today. Considering the essence of local autonomy is not merely the right of the region, but also as a duty of the region, it is necessary local-self government to governing the affairs, especially in the fiscal capacities. This study aims to look at how state-society relations in the process of formation an autonomous region, viewed from the aspect of demand backgrounds, the process of formation, and community participation in the Bolaang Mongondow Eastern Districs formation processes. This research uses a qualitative method that produces descriptive data. Data obtained from the study of literature, observation, and interviews with the research informants. The analysis technique used in this research is a Mills and Huberman Models. Result of research indicates that first, the background of the demand for the establishment of East Bolaang Mongondow District triggered by the localization of power to create new power center in the local and also ethnicalbased social movement. The localization of power is manifested through the increasing number of bureaucracies and political institutions, the allocation of budget from Central Government, and the local elite which has great stake in the next establishment by being local politic actor after the region is founded. Social movement develops from several causes such as social conflict between Mongondow Ethnic and Minahasa Ethnic, reactionary movement of Mongondow ethnic community who insists on reviving the glorious day of Boolang Mongondow Kingdom in the past, the comparison of one autonomous region to others, and the opening of political opportunity by the government. Second, the establishment of autonomous region involves three stages, which are the socialization and consolidation of elites, the extension of village and subdistrict, and the political approach and communication to political parties and members of House of Representatives. Pursuant to Act 32/2004 and Government Regulation 78/2007, the establishment has met administrative requirements, but not technical preconditions. Third, community participation is made to be sure by organizing a people assembly, a fundraising activity, an administration of land or building grants, and an installation of extension attribute. In general, there is a sign of participation (tokenism) although it is not yet under the degree of citizen control. It is recommended that (1) the government needs to set the financial capacity ratio of autonomous region candidates; (2) the dialogism between cultures shall be enforced to avoid social conflict; (3) the government needs internal control to verify the proposal of autonomous region establishment; and (4) the revitalization of assembly in the context of the formulation of policy agenda of autonomous region establishment.

Item Type:	Thesis (Magister)
Identification Number:	TES/320.15/DAM/h/2013/041711844
Uncontrolled Keywords:	AUTONOMY, STATE GOVERNMENT - SOCIETES, ETC, REGIONAL PLANNING - CITIZEN PARTICIPATION
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > H Social Sciences (General) H Social Sciences > HJ Public Finance
Divisions:	S2/S3 > Magister Ilmu Administrasi Publik, Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi
Depositing User:	Nur Cholis
Date Deposited:	27 Mar 2018 01:51
Last Modified:	26 Nov 2021 02:34
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/8972

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