Putri, Ponco Nurmi (2017) Pengaruh Pemberian Biourine Sapi Dan Pupuk Dasar Pada Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merril) Varietas Grobogan. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kedelai merupakan komoditas tanaman pangan terpenting ketiga setelah padi dan jagung. Kedelai berperan sebagai sumber protein nabati yang sangat penting dalam rangka peningkatan gizi masyarakat karena aman bagi kesehatan dan harganya yang relatif murah dibandingkan dengan sumber protein hewani. Kandungan gizi kedelai dalam 100 g yaitu 331.0 kkal kalori, 34.9 g protein, 18.1 g lemak, 34.8 g karbohidrat, 4.2 g serat, 227.0 mg kalsium, 585.0 mg fosfor, 8.0 mg besi, dan 1.0 mg vitamin B1 (Bakhtiar et al., 2014). Di Jawa Timur kebutuhan kedelai mengalami peningkatan, tetapi produksi kedelai mengalami penurunan setiap tahunnya. Menurunnya areal tanam kedelai sebagai akibat rendahnya partisipasi petani dalam menaman kedelai, karena budidaya kedelai yang diusahakan tidak memberi keuntungan yang layak kepada petani. Hal tersebut, karena terbatasnya ketersediaan teknologi dan rendahnya adopsi teknologi di tingkat petani serta rendahnya tingkat harga yang diterima, sehingga menurunnya nilai tukar petani. Salah satu faktor penting dalam budidaya yang menunjang keberhasilan hidup tanaman adalah masalah pemupukan. Penggunaan pupuk anorganik (kimia sintetis) dalam jangka panjang secara terus menerus dan tidak terkendali akan berdampak buruk pada kesuburan tanah dan lingkungan di sekitar daerah pertanian. Urine sapi merupakan kotoran ternak yang berbentuk cair. Selama ini urine sapi dibuang karena kotor juga berbau busuk, dan ternyata urine sapi memiliki manfaat menjadi pupuk cair bagi tanaman. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, untuk memperbaiki kesuburan tanah dan untuk mengurangi penggunaan pupuk anorganik perlu dilakukan penambahan pupuk organik cair dengan menggunakan urine sapi untuk melihat pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai (Glycine max L. Merril) varietas Grobogan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan UPT Pengembangan Benih Palawija Jl. Raya Randuagung No. 120 A, Desa Randuagung, Kecamatan Singosari. pada bulan Maret sampai dengan Juni 2017. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah cangkul, papan penanda, meteran, gembor, ember plastik, timbangan, penggaris, timbangan digital, dan kamera. Sedangkan bahan yang digunakan antara lain Kedelai varietas grobogan, biourine, pupuk dasar N dalam bentuk urea 50 Kg/Ha, P dalam bentuk SP36 100 Kg/Ha, dan K dalam bentuk KCl 75 Kg/Ha. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 7 kombinasi perlakuan antara lain yaitu : Perlakuan 1 : Tanpa Biourine dan Tanpa pupuk dasar, Perlakuan 2 : Konsentrasi 200 ml Biourine + 1 dosis pupuk dasar, Perlakuan 3 : Konsentrasi 400 ml Biourine + 1 dosis pupuk dasar, Perlakuan 4 : Konsentrasi 600 ml Biourine + 1 dosis pupuk dasar, Perlakuan 5 : Konsentrasi 200 ml Biourine + ½ dosis pupuk dasar, Perlakuan 6 : Konsentrasi 400 ml Biourine + ½ dosis pupuk dasar, Perlakuan 7 : Konsentrasi 600 ml Biourine + ½ dosis pupuk dasar. Perlakuan tersebut diulang sebanyak 4 kali sehingga terdapat 28 petak pengamatan. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 14 hst, 24 hst, 34 hst, 44 hst, dan 54 hst meliputi pengamatan non destruktif yaitu tinggi tanaman kedelai, jumlah daun kedelai, dan jumlah cabang kedelai, pengamatan destruktif meliputi jumlah bintil akar. Sedangkan parameter hasil meliputi jumlah buku subur per tanaman, jumlah polong per tanaman, bobot biji per tanaman, hasil per tanaman, dan bobot 1000 biji. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan analisis keragaman (Anova) dan selanjutnya untuk menguji perbedaan antar perlakuan digunakan Uji BNT pada taraf 5%. Pemberian Biourine Sapi dengan Konsentrasi 600 ml/l + 100% dosis anjuran pupuk dasar (P4) mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan jumlah daun, jumlah buku subur, jumlah polong total, jumlah polong isi, berat biji per tanaman, bobot 100 biji, dan hasil panen per hektar. Pemberian biourine sapi dan dosis anjuran pupuk dasar tidak memberikan perngaruh nyata pada seluruh umur pengamatan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman. Pada pengamatan jumlah daun pada umur 14, 24, dan 34 hst tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata tetapi memberikan pengaruh yang nyata pada umur 44 dan 54 hst. Sedangkan untuk pengamatan hasil panen mencapai 3,08 ton/ha pada pemberian biourine 600 ml/l + 100% dosis anjuran pupuk dasar (P4) lebih tinggi dari rata-rata hasil varietas Grobogan sebesar 2,77 ton/ha tetapi belum mencapai potensi hasil sebesar 3,40 ton/ha.
English Abstract
Soybeans are the third most important food crop after paddy and maize. Soybean acts as a very important source of vegetable protein in order to improve the nutrition of the people because it is safe for health and the price is relatively cheap compared to the source of animal protein. The content of soybean nutrition in 100 g is 331.0 kcal calories, 34.9 g protein, 18.1 g fat, 34.8 g carbohydrates, 4.2 g fiber, 227.0 mg calcium, 585.0 mg phosphorus, 8.0 mg iron and 1.0 mg vitamin B1 (Bakhtiar et al. 2014). In East Java, soybean demand has increased, but soybean production has decreased every year. The decrease of planting area of soybean as a result of the low participation of farmers in soybean cultivation, because the cultivation of soybean cultivated does not give proper benefits to the farmers. This is due to the limited availability of technology and the low adoption of technology at the farm level and the low price level received, resulting in a decrease in the exchange rate of farmers. One important factor in the cultivation that supports the success of plant life is the problem of fertilization. The continuous and uncontrolled use of inorganic fertilizers (synthetic chemicals) will have an adverse impact on soil fertility and the environment around the farm. Cow urine is a liquid livestock manure. During this cow urine is removed because the dirty also smells rotten, and it turns out cow urine has the benefit of being a liquid fertilizer for plants. Based on these problems, to improve soil fertility and to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers, it is necessary to add the organic liquid fertilizer by using cow urine to see the effect on the growth and yield of soybean crop (Glycine max L. Merril) Grobogan varieties. The research was conducted in the field of UPT Development of Palawija Seedlings Jl. Raya Randuagung No. 120 A, Randuagung Village, Singosari Sub-district. from March to June 2017. The tools used in the study were hoes, marker boards, gauges, gembor, plastic buckets, scales, ruler, digital scales, and cameras. While the materials used are Grobogan varieties, biourine, basic fertilizer N in the form of urea 50 Kg / Ha, P in the form of SP36 100 Kg / Ha, and K in KCl 75 Kg / Ha. The study used a Randomized Block Design with 7 treatment combinations, among others: Treatment 1: No Biourine and No basic fertilizer, Treatment 2: 200 ml Biourine + 1 dose of basic fertilizer, Treatment 3: Concentration 400 ml Biourine + 1 dose of basic fertilizer, Treatment 4: 600 ml of Biourine + 1 dose of basic fertilizer, Treatment 5: 200 ml Biourine + ½ dosage of basic fertilizer, Treatment 6: 400 ml Biourine + ½ dose of basic fertilizer, Treatment 7: 600 mL Biourine + ½ dosage of basic fertilizer . The treatment was repeated 4 times so that there were 28 observation plots. The observations were made on 14 hst, 24 hst, 34 hst, 44 hst, and 54 hst including non destructive observation of soybean crop, soybean leaf amount, and soybean branch count, destructive observation including number of root nodule. The yield parameters included the number of fertile books per plant, the number of pods per plant, the weight of the seeds per plant, the yield per plant, and the weight of 1000 seeds. The data of the research were analyzed by diversity analysis (Anova) and then to test the difference between treatments used BNT Test at 5% level. Giving Biourine Cow with Concentration of 600 ml / l + 100% dosage of basic fertilizer (P4) can increase the growth of leaf number, number of fertile book, total pod total, total pod content, seed weight per plant, weight of 100 seeds, and yield per harvest hectare. Provision of bovine biorine and recommended doses of basic fertilizers did not provide a significant effect on all age observations of plant growth height. On observation of the number of leaves at age 14, 24, and 34 hst did not give a real effect but gave a real effect at age 44 and 54 hst. While for observation of harvest yield reaches 3.08 ton / ha in biorine administration of 600 ml / l + 100% dosage of basic fertilizer (P4) is higher than the average yield of Grobogan varieties of 2.77 ton / ha but has not reached the potential yield of 3.40 tons / ha.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/501/051710688 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.3 Legumes, forage crops other than grasses and legumes > 633.34 Soybeans |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Yusuf Dwi N. |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Dec 2017 07:24 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Sep 2020 17:59 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/6391 |
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