Nisa’, Khoirun (2017) Pengaruh Penambahan Sekam Dan Jenis Mulsa Pada Pertumbuhan Dan Hasiltanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) Di Dataran Medium. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Peningkatan permintaan komoditas kentang yang terus meningkat setiap tahun di Indonesia, membutuhkan upaya peningkatan produksi kentang antara lain dengan perluasan areal penanaman dari dataran tinggi ke dataran medium. Pengembangan kentang di dataran medium masih terkendala oleh suhu yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dataran tinggi. Dataran medium memiliki suhu diatas 25-30οC (Hamdani, 2009) yang menjadi faktor pembatas untuk perkembangan umbi kentang. Pertumbuhan umbi kentang akan terhambat apabila suhu tanah kurang dari 10οC atau lebih dari 30οC (Suryana, 2013), sehingga diperlukan upaya penyesuaian suhu tanah yang sesuai dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan umbi kentang. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan adalah memodifikasi iklim mikro tanaman dengan cara menambah sekam dan abu sekam pada tanah serta penggunaan mulsa. Penambahan sekam dan abu sekam serta mulsa diharapkan mampu menurunkan suhu dan meningkatkan kelembaban tanah sehingga dapat menjadi alternatif teknik budidaya kentang di dataran medium. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah : (1). mempelajari pengaruh sekam sebagai campuran media dan jenis mulsa pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kentang di dataran medium dan (2). menentukan jenis media dan mulsa yang tepat untuk menurunkan suhu dan meningkatkan kelembaban tanah pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kentang di dataran medium. Hipotesis penelitian ialah penambahan abu sekam dan penggunaan mulsa jerami dapat menurunkan suhu tanah dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya sehingga dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kentang di dataran medium. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September hingga Desember 2016 di desa Dadaprejo Kecamatan Junrejo, Batu, dengan ketinggian 560 m dpl dan suhu tanah rata-rata 28οC – 30οC. Alat yang digunakan ialah cangkul, timbangan analitik, termometer, oven, leaf area meter (LAM), alat pelubang mulsa, dan gembor. Bahan yang digunakan adalah umbi bibit kentang varietas Granola, abu sekam, sekam, jerami, plastik hitam perak, pupuk kandang 20 ton ha-1, pupuk Urea 300 kg ha-1, pupuk SP36 200 kg ha-1, KCl 200 kg ha-1, dan pestisida. Rancangan yang digunakan ialah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 9 perlakuan yaitu : P0 : kontrol, P1 : mulsa jerami, P2 : mulsa plastik hitam perak, P3 : sekam , P4 : sekam + mulsa jerami, P5 : sekam + mulsa plastik hitam perak, P6 : abu sekam, P7 : abu sekam + mulsa jerami, P8: abu sekam + mulsa plastik hitam perak. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali, sehingga diperoleh 27 petak perlakuan. Pengamatan yang dilakukan meliputi : pengamatan pertumbuhan (jumlah daun, luas daun, bobot kering tanaman, dan laju pertumbuhan tanaman (CGR)), pengamatan hasil (jumlah umbi, bobot umbi per tanaman, dan bobot umbi per hektar dan bobot umbi menurut grade per tanaman) dan pengamatan lingkungan (suhu dan kelembaban tanah). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis varian (ANOVA)pada taraf 5%berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Hasil dari uji Anova berbeda nyata, dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut menggunakan uji beda nyata jujur (BNJ) untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan abu sekam dan mulsa jerami (P7) mampu menurukan suhu tanah sebesar 4οC dan meningkatkan kelembaban sebesar 8%, yang dapat menghasilkan bobot umbi panen per hektar mencapai 19,32 ton ha-1, atau 75% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kontrol yang hanya menghasilkan 7,62 ton ha-1. Hasil analisis usaha tani kentang di dataran medium menunjukkan hasil yang menguntungkan. Keuntungan per hektar terbesar ditunjukkan oleh budidaya kentang dengan penambahan abu sekam dan mulsa jerami yang memiliki R/C 4,1 dengan biaya produksi Rp. 75.732.831, total pendapatan kotor Rp. 309.056.000, dan keuntungan bersih Rp. 233.323.169.
English Abstract
The demand of potato commodities in Indonesia always increasing every year, so it needs an efforts to increase the production of potatoes, one of them with the expansion of planting area from highland to medium land, is to solve problem ti increase the potato production. The development of potatoes in the medium land still constrained by higher temperatures than the highland. The medium land has temperatures above 25-30οC (Hamdani, 2009) which is a limiting factor for the development of potato tubers. Potato tuber growth will be inhibited if the soil temperature is less than 10οC or more than 30οC (Suryana, 2013), so it is necessary to adjust the temperature of the soil that suitable with the growth and development of potato tubers. One effort is modify the microclimate of plants by adding husk and ash husk to the soil and usage of mulch. The apply husk and husk ash and mulch is expected to reduce the temperature and increase soil moisture so that it can be an alternative technique of potato cultivation in the medium land. The purpose of study are: (1). To study husk as a mixtured of media and types of mulch on the growth and yield of potato in the medium land and (2). Determine appropriate media and mulch types to lower the temperature and increase soil temperature on growth and yield of potato in the medium land. The addition of husk ash and the use of straw mulch can reduce the soil temperature compared to other treatments, so it can increase the growth and yield of potato crops in medium land. The research was conducted from September to December 2016 at Dadaprejo village, Junrejo sub district, Batu, with an altitude of 560 m asl and the average temperature of 28οC - 30οC. The tools used are hoes, analytical scales, thermometers, thermohigrometer, oven, leaf meter area (LAM), mulching and mulching tools. The materials used are potato seedling varieties Granola, husk ash, husk, straw, silver black plastic, manure 20 ton ha-1, urea 300 kg ha-1, SP36 200 kg ha-1, KCl 200 kg ha-1, and pesticides. The design used was Randomized Block Design with 9 treatments: P0: control, P1: straw mulch, P2: silver black plastic mulch, P3: husk, P4: husk + straw mulch, P5: husk + silver black plastic mulch, P6: Ash husk, P7: husk ash + mulch of straw, P8: husk ash + silver black plastic mulch. Each treatment was replicated 3 times, so that obtained 27 plot treatment. The observations included growth observation (number of leaves, leaf area, dry weight of plant, and plant growth rate (CGR), observation of yield (number of tubers, tuber weight per plant, tuber weight per hectare and tuber weight by grade per plant) and environmental observation (soil temperature and humidity). The data obtained were analyzed by using variance analysis (ANOVA) at 5% level based on Randomized Block Design (RBD) .The results of the Anova test were significantly different, followed by advanced test using honest significant difference test (HSD) to know the difference between treatments. The results showed that the addition of husk ash and straw mulch (P7) was able to decrease the soil temperature by 4οC and increase the humidity by 8%, which can yield the weight of harvesting tubers per hectare reach 19,32 ton ha-1, or 75% higher than controls treatment that only produce 7,62 ton ha-1. The results of the analysis of potato farming in the medium land showed favorable results. The biggest profit per hectare is shown by potato cultivation with the addition of husk ash and straw mulch which has R/C 4,1 with production cost Rp. 75.732.831 total gross revenue of Rp. 309.056.000 and net profit of Rp. 233.323.169.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/447/051707676 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.), Sekam, Mulsa, Pertumbuhan |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.2 Edible tubers and bulbs > 635.21 Potatoes |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Yusuf Dwi N. |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Nov 2017 02:07 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Oct 2020 04:26 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/4879 |
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