Pengaruh Kondisi Habitat dan Manajemen Lahan Terhadap Kelimpahan dan Keanekaragaman Predator pada Berbagai Lahan Kopi di Kabupaten Malang

Romadiani, Salsabia Dinda and Prof. Dr. Ir. Bambang Tri Rahardjo, SU. (2024) Pengaruh Kondisi Habitat dan Manajemen Lahan Terhadap Kelimpahan dan Keanekaragaman Predator pada Berbagai Lahan Kopi di Kabupaten Malang. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Keberadaan musuh alami di agroekosistem seperti predator memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam mengatur populasi serangga hama. Keanekaragaman serangga akan berbeda-beda pada setiap kondisi habitat, yang disebabkan oleh faktor tanaman, keadaan iklim, dan keadaan habitat di sekitar lahan. Arthropoda predator juga dipengaruhi oleh manajemen lahan. Peningkatan masukan pupuk kimia dan pestisida kimia pada lahan menyebabkan hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati termasuk predator. Predator memberikan jasa ekosistem dengan memangsa hama di agroekosistem, yang dapat berkurang seiring dengan hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati. Maka dari itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan predator pada setiap perkebunan kopi yang diamati, serta mengetahui pengaruh kondisi habitat dan manajemen lahan terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan predator. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus-Desember 2023 pada 12 lokasi pengamatan di 4 perkebunan kopi di Kabupaten Malang. Kriteria lahan yang dibutuhkan ialah jumlah tanaman yang mencukupi kebutuhan dalam plot, tanaman telah bereproduksi, dan jarak minimal antar lokasi lahan sekitar 1 km. Pengambilan sampel arthropoda dilakukan pada setiap lahan dengan menentukan 5 titik pengamatan dengan pemasangan perangkap pantrap dan pitfall pada setiap titik pengamatan. Pengambilan sampel juga dilakukan menggunakan metode pengambilan sampel tanah dan diekstraksi menggunakan corong barlese. Analisis vegetasi dilakukan dengan menghitung jumlah spesies tanaman selain kopi di dalam plot. Pengambilan data suhu dan kelembaban relatif, pengukuran tutupan kanopi, dan wawancara dilakukan untuk mengambil data pendukung. Perbedaan keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan predator pada lokasi, penggunaan jenis pupuk, aplikasi pestisida hayati, dan efektifitas perangkap yang dipakai dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam. Sedangkan hubungan kondisi habitat terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan predator dianalisis menggunakan analisis GLM dan perbedaan komposisi predator dianalisis dengan analisis ANOSIM. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan 708 individu yang berperan sebagai predator yang terbagi menjadi 57 morfospesies, 18 famili, 5 ordo, dan 2 kelas. Lokasi dengan keanekaragaman spesies terbanyak berada di UB Forest sedangkan lokasi dengan kelimpahan predator tertinggi di Bangelan. Faktor kondisi habitat yaitu suhu, kelembaban, kanopi, spesies dan kelimpahan gulma tidak berpengaruh terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan predator. Namun, suhu dan kelembaban berpengaruh positif terhadap kelimpahan predator tetapi kanopi berpengaruh negatif. Manajemen lahan yaitu penggunaan pupuk berpengaruh terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan predator namun aplikasi pestisida hayati tidak berpengaruh. Penggunaan perangkap pitfall menunjukkan kelimpahan arthropoda predator tertinggi. Kemiripan spesies pada berbagai lahan disebabkan kondisi habitat pada keempat lokasi yang hampir mirip sehingga sesuai untuk kehidupan spesies predator

English Abstract

The existence of natural enemies in agroecosystems such as predators has a very important role in regulating pest insect populations. Insect diversity will vary in each habitat condition, which is caused by plant factors, climatic conditions and the condition of the habitat around the land. Arthropod predators are also influenced by land management. Increased input of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on land causes loss of biodiversity, including predators. Predators provide ecosystem services by preying on pests in agroecosystems, which may decrease with loss of biodiversity. Therefore, this research aims to determine the diversity and report predators on each coffee plantation observed, as well as determine the influence of habitat conditions and land management on diversity and report predators. The research was conducted in August-December 2023 at 12 observation locations on 4 coffee plantations in Malang Regency. The criteria for land needed are the number of plants sufficient for the needs of the plot, the plants have reproduced, and the minimum distance between land locations is around 1 km. Arthropod sampling was carried out in each field by determining 5 observation points by installing pantraps and pitfall traps at each observation point. Sampling was also carried out using the soil sampling method and extracted using a Barlese funnel. Vegetation analysis was carried out by counting the number of plant species other than coffee in the plot. Temperature and relative humidity data were collected, canopy cover measurements, and interviews were carried out to collect supporting data. Differences in the diversity and abundance of predators at locations, the use of fertilizer types, pesticide applications, and the effectiveness of the traps used were analyzed using analysis of variance. Meanwhile, the relationship between habitat conditions and predator diversity and abundance was analyzed using GLM analysis and differences in predator composition were analyzed using ANOSIM analysis. Based on the research results, 713 individuals were found to act as predators, divided into 61 morphospecies, 21 families, 5 orders and 2 classes. The location with the highest species diversity is in UB Forest, while the location with the highest abundance of predators is Bangelan. Habitat condition factors, namely temperature, humidity, canopy, species and abundance of weeds, have no effect on the diversity and abundance of predators. However, temperature and humidity had a positive effect on predator abundance but the canopy had a negative effect. Land management, namely the use of fertilizer, affects the diversity and abundance of predators, but the application of pesticides has no effect. The use of pitfall traps showed the highest abundance of predatory arthropods. The similarity of species in various areas is due to the habitat conditions in the four locations being almost similar, making them suitable for the life of predatory species.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0524040461
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi
Depositing User:	Unnamed user with username nova
Date Deposited:	23 Jul 2024 07:37
Last Modified:	23 Jul 2024 07:37
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/221570

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