Sajidah, Hana Amelia and Prof.Dr.Agr.Sc. Hagus Tarno, S.P.,M.P. (2024) Keanekaragaman Lalat Buah (Diptera: Tephritidae) Dan Asosiasi Parasitoid Pada Komoditas Buah Di Jawa Timur. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Komoditas hortikultura, terutama komoditas buah–buahan menjadi salah satu sektor unggulan pertanian yang menunjang perekonomian. Jawa Timur merupakan salah satu provinsi dengan produksi hortikultura buah terbesar di Indonesia yang berpotensi besar melakukan perdagangan internasional dan mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi. Namun, dalam produksi komoditas buah–buahan terdapat kendala seperti adanya penurunan hasil produksi, salah satunya disebabkan oleh serangan hama yaitu lalat buah yang menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi secara signifikan, karena dapat menurunkan kualitas buah. Adanya kerugian akibat dari serangan lalat buah perlu dilakukan suatu pengendalian. Pengendalian yang dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan musuh alami seperti parasitoid yang cukup efisien dalam mengendalikan lalat buah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman lalat buah dan asosiasi parasitoid lalat buah pada komoditas buah–buahan di Jawa Timur serta pengaruh ketinggian lokasi terhadap populasi lalat buah dan parasitoidnya. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2023 hingga Februari 2024. Pengambilan sampel buah dilakukan pada tujuh titik lokasi pengamatan di tiga wilayah Jawa Timur meliputi Kota Batu, Kabupaten Malang dan Kabupaten Kediri. Kegiatan identifikasi sampel dilakukan pada Laboratorium Hama Tumbuhan 2, Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan purposive random sampling dengan buah dikumpulkan sebanyak tiga kali pengambilan atau tergantung pada ketersediaan sampel buah di lapang dengan interval waktu satu minggu, buah dikumpulkan sebanyak kurang lebih 1 kg. Buah bergejala dilakukan pemeliharaan berdasarkan metode pemeliharaan inang pada laboratorium. Data yang diperoleh berdasarkan hasil penelitian dilakukan tabulasi data terlebih dahulu menggunakan Microsoft office excel 2021 sebagai database dan data dilakukan analisis menggunakan R Studio 4.3.2 dengan paket vegan dan agricolae, serta dilakukan perhitungan tingkat parasitasi parasitoid. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ditemukan 829 individu, terdiri atas 4 spesies lalat buah: Bactrocera carambolae, B. dorsalis, B. albistrigata dan B. umbrosa, dengan spesies yang paling banyak mendominasi adalah B. carambolae. Berdasarkan penelitian, kelimpahan lalat buah dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh perbedaan komoditas buah–buahan. Pada plot P6 (belimbing) memiliki kelimpahan tertinggi, sedangkan pada plot P4 (salak) memiliki kelimpahan paling rendah. Hasil analisis Bray–Curtis, terdapat adanya kemiripan komunitas spesies lalat buah tertinggi pada plot P6 (belimbing) dengan plot P7 (sawo). Berdasarkan hasil pemeliharaan inang ditemukan asosiasi paraistoid lalat buah yaitu Fopius sp. dan Diachasmimorpha sp. Tingkat parasitasi ditemukan pada plot P6 (belimbing) sebesar 7,79 %, dan pada plot P7 (sawo) sebesar 2,95%. Pengaruh lokasi pengambilan sampel seperti ketinggian tempat pada ketinggian yang lebih rendah (80-100 m dpl) mempengaruhi populasi lalat buah dan parasitoid.
English Abstract
Horticultural commodities, especially fruit commodities are one of the leading agricultural sectors that support the economy. East Java is one of the provinces with the largest fruit horticulture production in Indonesia, which has great potential for international trade and supporting economic growth. However, in the production of fruit commodities, there are obstacles such as reduced production yields, one of which is caused by pest attacks, namely fruit flies, which cause significant economic losses because they can reduce the quality of the fruit. If there are losses due to fruit fly attacks, control needs to be carried out. Control can be done by utilizing natural enemies such as parasitoids, which are quite efficient at controlling fruit flies. Therefore, this research was aimed to investigate the diversity of fruit fly, the association of fruit fly parasitoids on fruit commodities in East Java, and the effect of locational elevation on fruit fly and parasitoid populations. The research was conducted from December 2023 to February 2024. Fruit samples were collected at seven observation points in three regions in East Java, including Batu City, Malang District, and Kediri District. Sample identification activities were carried out at the Plant Pest Laboratory 2, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture. Sampling was carried out using purposive random sampling with fruit collected three times, or depending on the availability of fruit samples in the field at one-week intervals, more or less 1 kg of fruit was collected. The symptomatic fruit was reared based on the host rearing method in the laboratory. The data obtained based on the research results was tabulated first using Microsoft Office Excel 2021 as a database, and data analysis was carried out using R Studio 4.3.2 with the vegan and agricolae packages, and the level of parasitoid parasitization was calculated. The results showed that 829 individuals were found, consisting of fourspecies of fruit flies: Bactrocera carambolae, B. dorsalis, B. albistrigata, and B. umbrosa, with the most dominant species was B. carambolae. In the study, the abundance of fruit flies showed significantly differences among fruit commodities. Plot P6 (Starfruit) showed the highest abundance, while plot P4 (Snake fruit) had the lowest abundance. The results of the Bray–Curtis analysis showed that there was a similarity in the highest community of fruit fly species in the Starfruit (P6) and the Sapodilla (P7). Based on the host rearing method, it was found that fruit fly parasitoid associations were present, namely Fopius sp. and Diachasmimorpha sp. The level of parasitization was found in plot P6 (Starfruit) at 7.79% and plot P7 (Sapodilla) at 2.95%. The impact of sampling locations, such as the elevation of places on lower elevations (80–100 m above sea level), affects fruit flies and parasitoid populations.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0524040205 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agribisnis |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username nova |
| Date Deposited: | 28 May 2024 03:50 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Jun 2024 06:56 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/220065 |
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