Keanekaragaman Lalat Buah (Diptera:Tephritidae) dan Asosiasi Parasitoid pada Berbagai Varietas Tanaman Mangga (Mangifera indica L.)

Nurcahyani, Relita and Prof. Dr. Agr. Sc. Hagus Tarno, S.P., M.P. (2024) Keanekaragaman Lalat Buah (Diptera:Tephritidae) dan Asosiasi Parasitoid pada Berbagai Varietas Tanaman Mangga (Mangifera indica L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Lalat buah (Diptera: Tephritidae) merupakan salah satu hama penting yang berpotensi menyebabkan kerusakan pada produksi buah-buahan. Serangan lalat buah pada tanaman mangga dapat menurunkan hasil produksi baik secara kualitas maupun kuantitas hingga menimbulkan kerugian. Serangan lalat buah pada tanaman mangga telah ditemukan di beberapa negara di dunia. Salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi serangan lalat buah yaitu perbedaan varietas tanaman mangga. Kerugian akibat serangan lalat buah dapat mengancam produksi tanaman sehingga diperlukan pengendalian. Pemanfaatan parasitoid sebagai agens hayati merupakan alternatif pengendalian yang cukup efektif dalam menekan populasi lalat buah. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman lalat buah dan asosiasi parasitoid terhadap lalat buah pada berbagai varietas tanaman mangga di Jawa Timur. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2023 hingga Februari 2024. Pengambilan sampel buah di lakukan di enam titik lokasi pengamatan pada empat wilayah di Jawa Timur meliputi Kota Malang, Kabupaten Malang, Kota Kediri dan Kabupaten Kediri. Kegiatan identifikasi sampel dilakukan di Laboratorium Hama Tumbuhan 2, Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya. Pengambilan sampel buah dilakukan secara purposive random sampling sebanyak tiga kali ulangan dengan interval waktu satu minggu. Sampel buah mangga yang diperoleh dilakukan pemeliharaan dengan metode pemeliharan inang. Data yang didapatkan dari hasil penelitian di analisis dengan analisis ragam mengunakan perangkat lunak statistik R Studio dengan paket Agricolae dan Vegan, serta dilakukan perhitungan tingkat parasitasi parasitoid. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan 1.140 individu Bactrocera spp. yang terdiri dari 3 spesies lalat buah: B. carambolae, B. dorsalis dan B. albistrigata dengan didominasi oleh spesies B. carambolae. Berdasarkan penelitian, kelimpahan individu lalat buah dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh perbedaan varietas tanaman mangga. Kelimpahan individu tertinggi terdapat pada plot tanaman mangga varietas Arumanis dan kelimpahan terendah pada plot tanaman mangga varietas Podang Urang. Hasil analisis Bray-Curtis, terdapat kemiripan komunitas spesies lalat buah tertinggi pada plot tanaman mangga varietas Arumanis dengan varietas Golek (0,156). Terdapat tiga spesies parasitoid yang berasosiasi dengan lalat buah selama pemeliharaan inang yaitu Fopius sp. 1, Fopius sp. 2 dan Diachasmimorpha sp. Tingkat parasitasi parasitoid tertinggi pada plot tanaman mangga varietas Golek (3,47%) diikuti mangga varietas Arumanis (1,70%) dan pada plot lainnya tidak ditemukan adanya serangan parasitoid.

English Abstract

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are one of the important pests that have the potential to cause damage to fruit production. Fruit fly attacks on mango plants can reduce production yields both in quality and quantity, causing losses. Fruit fly attacks on mango plants have been found in several countries in the world. One factor that can influence fruit fly attacks is the difference in mango varieties. Losses due to fruit fly attacks can threaten plant production so control is needed. The use of parasitoids as biological agents is a control alternative that is quite effective in suppressing fruit fly populations. Therefore, this research was aims to determine the diversity of fruit flies and parasitoid associations with fruit fly on various varieties of mango plants in East Java. The research was conducted from December 2023 to February 2024. Fruit samples were collected at six observation locations in four regions in East Java, including Malang City, Malang District, Kediri City and Kediri District. Sample identification activities were carried out at Plant Pest Laboratory 2, Department of Plant Pest and Disease, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University. Fruit samples were taken using purposive random sampling three times with at one�week intervals. The mango fruit samples obtained were maintained using the host rearing method. Data obtained based on the research were analyzed using R Studio statistical software with the Agricolae and Vegan packages, and the level of parasitoid parasization was calculated. The results showed that 1.140 individuals of Bactrocera spp. were found consisting of three species of fruit flies: B. carambolae, B. dorsalis and B. albistrigata, dominated by the species B. carambolae. Based on research, the abundance of fruit flies was showed significantly differences among mango varieties. The highest individual abundance was found in the Arumanis mango variety plot and the lowest abundance was in the Podang Urang mango variety plot. The results of the Bray-Curtis analysis showed that there was a similarity in the highest community of fruit fly species in the mango plot of the Arumanis variety and the Golek variety (0.156). There are three species of parasitoids that associate with fruit flies during host maintenance, namely Fopius sp. 1, Fopius sp. 2 and Diachasmimorpha sp. The highest level of parasitoid parasitization in the Golek variety mango plot (3.47%) followed by the Arumanis mango variety (1.70%) and while in the other plots no parasitoid attacks were found

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0524040316
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi
Depositing User:	Unnamed user with username nova
Date Deposited:	05 Jun 2024 08:00
Last Modified:	05 Jun 2024 08:00
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/219653

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