Zurlifarahma, Marsha Ukhti and Prof. Dr. Agr. Sc. Hagus Tarno, S.P., M.P. (2024) Keanekaragaman Lalat Buah (Diptera: Tephritisdae) dan Asosiasi Parasitoid Pada Komoditas Jambu di Malang dan Kediri. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Hortikultura merupakan salah satu sektor yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia dan menjadi sumber pendapatan masyarakat. Provinsi Jawa Timur termasuk salah satu sentra budidaya tanaman hortikultura buah dan sayur di Indonesia. Sentra tanaman hortikultura di Jawa Timur terdapat di beberapa wilayah seperti Kota Malang, Kabupaten Malang, dan Kota Kediri. Komoditas yang banyak dibudayakan di wilayah tersebut diantaranya adalah buah jambu. Akan tetapi, serangan OPT pada kegiatan budidaya menjadi ancaman bagi penurunan hasil produksi tanaman jambu. OPT yang menyerang tanaman jambu salah satunya yaitu lalat buah yang berasal dari genus Bactrocera. Serangan lalat buah dapat menyebabkan buah rontok, busuk, bahkan gagal panen. Parasitoid merupakan alternatif pengendalian lalat buah yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman lalat buah yang menyerang tanaman jambu di Jawa Timur serta asosiasi dan tingkat parasitasi parasitoid terhadap lalat buah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2023 hingga Februari 2024 di tiga lokasi yaitu Kota Malang, Kabupaten Malang, dan Kota Kediri untuk pengambilan sampel. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali dengan interval waktu satu minggu atau tergantung ketersediaan buah di lapang. Sampel buah yang digunakan terdiri dari 6 sampel dengan satu kali pengambilan sebanyak ±1 kg. Sampel buah kemudian dibawa ke Laboratorium Hama Tumbuhan 2, Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya untuk pemeliharaan inang (host rearing) serta identifikasi lalat buah dan parasitoid. Data hasil penelitian ditabulasikan menggunakan Microsoft excel 2019 sebagai database terlebih dahulu kemudian dilakukan analisis data meliputi keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan lalat buah, Indeks kemiripan Bray-Curtis menggunakan perangkat lunak statistik R 4.3.2 paket vegan dan agricolae, serta dilakukan perhitungan tingkat parasitasi parasitoid. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 1.229 individu lalat buah pada 6 plot pengambilan sampel buah jambu yang berlokasi di Kota Malang, Kabupatan Malang, dan Kota Kediri. Lalat buah yang diperoleh terdiri dari 3 spesies yaitu B. dorsalis, B. carambolae, dan B. albistrigata dengan spesies yang mendominasi yaitu B. albistrigata. Perbedaan varietas tanaman jambu berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kelimpahan individu lalat buah. Kelimpahan individu tertinggi diperoleh pada plot P6 (jambu air Citra) dengan total 373 individu. Hasil analisis kemiripan Bray-Curtis menunjukkan terdapat kemiripan spesies lalat buah tertinggi pada plot P4 (jambu air Madu Deli Merah) dan P5 (jambu air Madura). Parasitoid yang ditemukan berasosiasi dengan lalat buah pada tanaman jambu dari hasil host rearing yaitu Fopius sp. dan Diachasmimorpha sp. dengan total 67 individu. Tingkat parasitasi parasitoid tertinggi terletak pada plot P6 (jambu air Citra) sebesar 7,18% sedangkan tingkat parasitasi paling rendah berada pada plot P3 (jambu Getas Merah) sebesar 2,38%. Lokasi pengambilan sampel seperti ketinggian tempat mempengaruhi populasi lalat buah.
English Abstract
Horticulture is one of the sectors that is widely cultivated in Indonesia and is a source of income for the community. East Java Province is one of the centers for fruit and vegetable horticultural cultivation in Indonesia. Horticultural plant centers in East Java are in several areas such as Malang City, Malang Regency and Kediri City. Commodities that are widely cultivated in this area include guava fruit. However, pest attacks on cultivation activities pose a threat to reducing guava production. One of the pests that attacks guava plants is fruit flies from the genus Bactrocera. Fruit fly attacks can cause fruit to fall, rot and even crop failure. Parasitoids are an environmentally friendly alternative for controlling fruit flies. This research aims to determine the diversity of fruit flies that attack guava plants in Malang and Kediri as well as the association and level of parasitoid parasitization of fruit flies. The research was carried out from December 2023 to February 2024 in three locations, namely Malang City, Malang Regency and Kediri City for sampling. Sampling was carried out three times at intervals of one week or depending on the availability of fruit in the field. The fruit samples used consisted of 6 samples with one collection of ± 1 kg. The fruit samples were then taken to Plant Pest Laboratory 2, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University for host maintenance (host rearing) as well as identification of fruit flies and parasitoids. The research data were tabulated using Microsoft excel 2019 as database First, data analysis was carried out including the diversity and abundance of fruit flies, the Bray-Curtis similarity index using statistical software R 4.3.2 package vegan and agricolae, and the level of parasitoid parasitization was calculated. The results showed that there were 1,229 individual fruit flies in 6 guava sampling plots located in Malang City, Malang Regency and Kediri City. The fruit flies obtained consisted of 3 species: B. dorsalis, B. carambolae, and B. albistrigata with the dominant species viz B. albistrigata. Differences in guava plant varieties have a significant effect on the abundance of individual fruit flies. The highest individual was obtained in plot P6 (Citra water guava) with a total of 373 individuals. The results of the Bray-Curtis similarity analysis showed that there was the highest similarity in fruit fly species in plots P4 (Deli Merah Honey water guava) and P5 (Madura water guava). Parasitoids were found associated with fruit flies on guava plants from the results host rearing that is Fopius sp. and Diachasmimorpha sp. with a total of 67 individuals. The highest level of parasitoid parasitization was located in plot P6 (Citra water guava) at 7.18%, while the lowest level of parasitization was in plot P3 (Red Getas guava) at 2,38%. Sampling locations, such as the elevation of place, affect fruit flies populations.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0524040302 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username nova |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Jun 2024 05:02 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Jun 2024 05:02 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/219608 |
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