Khairunnissa, . and Prof. Sri Suhartini,, STP., M.Env.Mgt., Ph.D. (2024) Pengaruh Variasi Ukuran Partikel dan Rasio TKKS:Zeolit:NaOH Terhadap Karakteristik Serbuk Bahan Baku Biopelet dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Biopelet merupakan energi baru terbarukan (EBT) dalam bentuk padat yang terbuat dari biomassa salah satunya adalah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS). Limbah TKKS yang dapat dihasilkan oleh setiap pabrik minyak kelapa sawit adalah sebanyak 23.250 ton/hari. Biopelet TKKS berpotensi sebagai pengganti batu bara karena memiliki nilai kalor yang tinggi. Namun kadar abunya tinggi dan mengandung mineral sehingga menyebabkan kerak dan korosi pada boiler serta mengurangi kualitas pembakaran. Solusi yang dapat dilakukan adalah co-pelletizing biomassa dengan zeolit dan NaOH serta mengubah ukuran partikel serbuk bahan baku biopelet TKKS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh kombinasi variasi ukuran partikel dan rasio TKKS:zeolit:NaOH terhadap karakteristik serbuk bahan baku biopelet TKKS serta mendapatkan perlakuan terbaik dari variasi kombinasi tersebut. Variasi kombinasi serbuk bahan baku biopelet TKKS didapatkan dari 2 faktor yaitu ukuran partikel dengan 2 level (20 dan 40 mesh), serta faktor rasio TKKS:zeolit:NaOH dengan 4 level antara lain (100:0:0)%; (98,4:0,1:1,5)%; (97,7:0,3:2,0)%; dan (97:0,5:2,5)% kemudian dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Seluruh sampel diuji karakteristiknya yang meliputi parameter kadar air, kadar abu, TS, VS, kadar zat terbang, kadar karbon terikat, nilai kalor, kadar CHNS, kadar hemiselulosa, selulosa, dan lignin, serta XRD, FTIR, dan TGA. Data hasil pengujian proksimat dianalisis menggunakan metode two way ANOVA dan BNT 5%. Penentuan perlakuan terbaik dilakukan dengan metode multiple attribute zeleny. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel ukuran partikel berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar abu dan kadar zat terbang. Variabel rasio TKKS:zeolit:NaOH berpengaruh signifikan terhadap TS, kadar abu, dan kadar zat terbang. Interaksi antara variabel ukuran partikel dengan rasio TKKS:zeolit:NaOH berpengaruh terhadap kadar abu dan kadar zat terbang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, serbuk bahan baku biopelet TKKS dengan ukuran partikel 40 mesh dan rasio TKKS:zeolit:NaOH (97:0,5:2,5)% merupakan perlakuan terbaik yang memiliki kadar air sebesar 7,41%; TS 92,569%; kadar abu 3,795%; VS 89,056%; kadar zat terbang 76,707%; karbon terikat 19,498%; nilai kalor 4.810,67 kal/gram; kadar C 48,9%; H 6,85%, N 1,29%; S <0,5%; hemiselulosa 12,68%; selulosa 20,01%; lignin 13,29%; dan silikat 1,46%. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah kualitas serbuk bahan baku biopelet dapat meningkat dengan ukuran partikel dan rasio TKKS:zeolit:NaOH yang tepat. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat dilakukan optimasi penggunaan rasio TKKS:zeolit:NaOH berdasarkan hasil penelitian terbaik. Selain itu, untuk peningkatan homogenisasi bahan campuran dapat digunakan larutan NaOH. Analisis morfologi serbuk baan baku biopelet TKKS seperti SEM-EDX juga perlu dilakukan. Serbuk bahan baku biopelet TKKS juga dapat dianalisis emisi gas buangnya setelah diaplikasikan.
English Abstract
Biopellet is a renewable energy source in solid form made from biomass, one of which is oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB). The OPEFB waste that each palm oil mill can produce 23.250 tons/day. OPEFB pellets have the potential to replace coal because they have a high calorific value. However, the ash content is high and contains minerals, which can cause slag and corrosion in boilers, thus reducing combustion quality. Solutions that can be taken are co-pelletizing biomass with zeolite and NaOH and changing the particle size of the OPEFB Pellet Feedstock Powder. This study aims to evaluate the effect of particle size variation and the ratio of OPEFB:zeolite:NaOH combination on the characteristics of the OPEFB Pellet Feedstock Powder and to obtain the best treatment from the combination variation. OPEFB Pellet Feedstock Powder was obtained from 2 factors, namely particle size with 2 levels (20 and 40 mesh), and the OPEFB:zeolite:NaOH ratio factor with 4 levels, namely (100:0:0)%; (98.4:0.1:1.5)%; (97.7:0.3:2.0)%; and (97:0.5:2.5)%, then repeated 3 times. All samples were tested for their characteristics, which include parameters such as moisture content, ash content, total solid (TS), volatile solid (VS), volatile matter, fixed carbon, calorific value, CHNS content, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, XRD, FT-IR, and TGA. The data from proximate test were analyzed using the two-way ANOVA and BNT 5% methods. Determination of the best treatment was carried out using the multiple attribute zeleny method. The results showed that particle size variable had a significant effect on ash content and volatile matter. OPEFB:zeolite:NaOH ratio variable had a significant effect on TS, ash content, and volatile matter. The interaction between particle size variable and OPEFB:zeolite:NaOH ratio affected ash content and volatile matter. Based on the results, OPEFB Pellet Feedstock Powder with 40 mesh particle size and OPEFB:zeolite:NaOH ratio of (97:0,5:2,5)% is the best treatment with a moisture content of 7.41%; TS 92.569%; ash content 3.795%; VS 89.056%; volatile matter 76.707%; fixed carbon 19.498%; calorific value 4,810.67 cal/gram; C 48.9%; H 6.85%; N 1.29%; S <0.5%; hemicellulose 12.68%; cellulose 20.01%; lignin 13.29%; and silicate 1.46%. The conclusion from this result is the quality of OPEFB Pellet Feedstock Powder can be improved by adjusting the particle size and the appropriate ratio of OPEFB, zeolite, and NaOH. Further research could focus on optimizing the OPEFB:zeolite:NaOH ratio based on the best results obtained in this research. Additionally, to enhance the homogenization of the mixed materials, NaOH solution can be used. Morphological analysis of the OPEFB Pellet Feedstock Powder, such as SEM-EDX, should also be conducted. The emission of exhaust gases from the OPEFB pellet after application can be analyzed as well.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052410 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Biopelet, Serbuk, NaOH, TKKS, Ukuran Partikel, dan Zeolit |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Industri Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username nova |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Mar 2024 06:32 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Mar 2024 06:32 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/216897 |
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