Chairunnisa, Sarah and Prof. Irnia Nurika, STP, MP, PhD and Prof. Dr. Ir. Nur Hidayat, MP (2024) Optimasi Lipid pada Produksi Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) dari Biodegradasi Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) oleh Jamur Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) salah satu biomassa lignoselulosa yang dapat dikonversi menjadi produk bio-based dengan nilai ekonomi tinggi. Phanerochaete chrysosporium merupakan jamur pelapuk putih yang mampu menguraikan struktur kompleks lignoselulosa secara enzimatis serta memperoleh nutrisi melalui penguraian untuk substrat memproduksi lipid. Proses ekstraksi lipid dilakukan menggunakan Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE). Kemudian, yield lipid yang diperoleh ditransesterifikasi menggunakan 0,8 M H2SO4-metanol untuk menghasilkan FAME. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (i) menganalisis konsentrasi glukosa, konsentrasi yeast extract dan waktu inkubasi yang optimal untuk akumulasi lipid pada produksi Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) dari degradasi lignoselulosa TKKS oleh Phanerochaete chrysosporium (ii) mengidentifikasi senyawa FAME hasil dari optimasi akumulasi lipid oleh Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2022 sampai September 2023 di Laboratorium Bioindustri, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya. Variabel respons penelitian ini yaitu total gula reduksi (TGR), total soluble phenol (TSP), susut berat, pH, lignoselulosa (hemiselulosa, selulosa, lignin) dan yield lipid. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tahap pertama, diketahui pengaruh optimasi penambahan konsentrasi glukosa, konsentrasi yeast extract dan waktu inkubasi menunjukkan hasil optimal pada konsentrasi glukosa 30 g/L, konsentrasi yeast extract 0,73 g/L dan waktu inkubasi selama 21 hari menghasilkan nilai TGR 7,244 mg/g, nilai TSP 0,036 mg/g, pH 5,71, susut berat 17,085 %, hemiselulosa 7,115 %, selulosa 70,121 %, lignin 11,488 %, dan yield lipid 18,049% dengan nilai desirability 0,810. Kemudian, dilakukan verifikasi hasil solusi optimal dengan pengujian ulang menggunakan faktor-faktor yang terpilih. Nilai verifikasi aktual pada respon TGR 7,874 mg/g, respon TSP 0,031 mg/g, respon pH 5,69, respon susut berat 16,702%, respon hemiselulosa 6,32%, respon selulosa 65,932%, respon lignin 10,586%, dan respon yield lipid 17,639%. Hasil verifikasi menunjukkan bahwa pada semua respon berada dalam 95% interval prediksi (PI) terendah dan 95% PI tertinggi. Pada hasil analisa FAME menggunakan GC-MS terdapat senyawa terbanyak berdasakan luas area pada sampel optimasi yakni metil palmitat (C16:0) sebesar 26,43%, metil stearat (C18:0) sebesar 16,62% dan Heptadecanoic acid, 15-methyl ester sebesar 6,50%, yang merupakan asam lemak jenuh (SFA). Asam lemak tak jenuh tunggal (MUFA) terbesar berdasarkan luas area yakni 6-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z)-(C18:1n6) sebesar 8,84%, 9-Eicosenoic acid, (Z)- (C20:1n9) sebesar 8.57%, yang merupakan bentuk lain atau turunan dari asam oleat (C18:1). Asam lemak tak jenuh ganda (PUFA) terbesar berdasarkan luas area yakni 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid methyl ester (Z,Z) sebesar 5,57%.
English Abstract
Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) one of the lignocellulosic biomass that can be converted into bio-based products with high economic value. Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a white-rot fungi that is able to enzymatically decompose the complex structure of lignocellulose and obtain nutrients through decomposition for lipid-producing substrates. The lipid extraction process is carried out using Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE). Then, the lipid yield obtained was transesterified using 0.8 M H2SO4-methanol to produce FAME. This study aims to (i) analyze the optimal glucose concentration, yeast extract concentration and incubation time for lipid accumulation in the production of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) from OPEFB lignocellulose degradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium (ii) identify FAME compounds resulting from optimization of lipid accumulation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The research was conducted from June 2022 to September 2023 at the Bioindustry Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya university. The response variables of this study were total reducing sugar (TRS), total soluble phenol (TSP), weight loss, pH, lignocellulose (hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin) and lipid yield. Based on the results of the first stage of research, it is known that the optimization effect of adding glucose concentration, yeast extract concentration and incubation time shows optimal results at a glucose concentration of 30 g/L, yeast extract concentration of 0. 73 g/L and incubation time for 21 days resulted in a TRS value of 7.244 mg/g, TSP value of 0.036 mg/g, pH 5.71, weight loss of 17.085%, hemicellulose 7.115%, cellulose 70.121%, lignin 11.488%, and lipid yield 18.049% with a desirability value of 0.810. Then, the optimal solution results were verified by retesting using the selected factors. The actual verification value in the TRS response was 7.874 mg/g, TSP response was 0.031 mg/g, pH response was 5.69, weight loss response was 16.702%, hemicellulose response was 6.32%, cellulose response was 65.932%, lignin response was 10.586%, and lipid yield response was 17.639%. The verification results show that all responses are within 95% of the lowest prediction interval (PI) and 95% of the highest PI. In the results of FAME analysis using GC-MS, there are the most compounds based on the area in the optimization sample, namely methyl palmitate (C16:0) by 26.43%, methyl stearate (C18:0) by 16.62% and Heptadecanoic acid, 15-methyl ester by 6.50%, which is a saturated fatty acid (SFA). The largest monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) by area were 6-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z)-(C18:1n6) at 8.84%, 9-Eicosenoic acid, (Z)-(C20:1n9) at 8.57%, which is another form or derivative of oleic acid (C18:1). The largest polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) by area is 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid methyl ester (Z,Z) at 5.57%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0424100004 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | TKKS, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Yield Lipid, FAME, Optimasi RSM-OPEFB, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Lipid Yields, FAME, RSM Optimization |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Teknik Industri Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 23 Feb 2024 06:34 |
| Last Modified: | 23 Feb 2024 06:34 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/216468 |
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