Nisa’, Falikhatun and Muhammad Akhid Syib`li, S.P., M.P., Ph.D. (2024) Efektivitas Antagonisme Jamur dan Bakteri Endofit Tanaman Nanas serta Penggunaan Berbagai Konsentrasi Fungisida dalam Menekan Phytophthora nicotianae di PT GGP. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman nanas merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan Indonesia yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi di pasaran. Kebutuhan nanas untuk konsumsi dalam negeri maupun tujuan ekspor selalu mengalami peningkatan, sehingga produksinya juga harus sebanding dengan kebutuhan. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi produktivitas nanas adalah penyakit busuk hati oleh Phytophthora nicotianae. Oleh sebab itu, sangat diperlukan kajian mengenai pengendalian berbasis teknologi hayati jamur dan bakteri endofit tanaman nanas itu sendiri. Di samping itu, diperlukan juga kajian mengenai ketahanan dan respon P. nicotianae terhadap penggunaan fungisida metalaksil dan fosetil Al. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September hingga November 2023. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di lahan 80 B1, 95 dan 97 D area Plantation Group I PT Great Giant Pineapple. Kegiatan uji antagonis secara in vitro serta uji ketahanan P. nicotianae terhadap fungisida metalaksil dan fosetil Al dilakukan di Laboratorium Pusat Research and Development Plantation Group I PT GGP. Tahapan kegiatan uji antagonis terhadap P. nicotianae diawali eksplorasi dan isolasi agens antagonis endofit, purifikasi, uji antagonis jamur dan bakteri endofit terhadap P. nicotianae secara in vitro. Adapun tahapan uji ketahanan P. nicotianae terhadap fungisida secara in vitro diawali dengan membuat media PDA, kemudian mencampur media PDA dan fungisida sesuai perlakuan, sedangkan uji ketahanan P. nicotianae secara ex vivo diawali dari perendaman sampel daun ke dalam fungisida, kemudian menempelkan P. nicotianae diatas daunnya. Analisis data uji antagonis dan uji ketahanan P. nicotianae terhadap fungisida ANOVA dengan taraf nyata 5% menggunakan Microsoft excel 2019 dan SPSS 25. Berdasarkan hasil eksplorasi dapatkan 3 isolat Trichoderma (T80, T95 dan T97) dan 2 isolat bakteri gram negatif (BE95 dan BE97) berbentuk bacil (batang). Uji antagonis menunjukkan bahwa agens antagonis terbaik pada kelompok jamur adalah T80 dengan persentase daya hambat sebesar 34,61% dan pada kelompok bakteri adalah BE95 dengan persentase daya hambat sebesar 57,11%. Adapun untuk uji ketahanan P. nicotianae terhadap fungisida secara in vitro menunjukkan bahwa semua perlakuan fungisida di berbagai konsentrasi P. nicotianae tidak bisa tumbuh, sedangkan uji ketahanan secara ex vivo didapatkan konsentrasi metalaksil terbaik dalam menekan P. nicotianae adalah 2 g/l dan konsentrasi fosetil Al terbaik dalam menekan P. nicotianae adalah 3 g/l karena pada konsentrasi tersebut tidak terbentuk lesi pada daun tapak dara.
English Abstract
Pineapple is one of Indonesia's leading high-value commodities in the market. The demand for pineapples for both domestic consumption and export purposes continues to increase, necessitating an increase in production. One of the factors affecting pineapple productivity is a disease caused by Phytophthora nicotianae. However, control measures are currently limited to resistant varieties and the application of fungicides such as metalaxyl and fosetyl Al. Therefore, it is essential to conduct research on biological control by utilizing endophytic fungi and bacteria from pineapple plants themselves. Additionally, studies on the response of P. nicotianae to fungicide use in pineapple plants are also required. The research was conducted from September to November 2023. Sample collection took place in plots 80 B1, 95, and 97 D in Plantation Group I of PT Great Giant Pineapple. Antagonist testing activities in vitro and the examination of P. nicotianae resistance to metalaxyl and fosetyl-Al fungicides were carried out in the laboratory of Research and Development Center of Plantation Group I, PT GGP. The biocontrol testing stages against P. nicotianae began with exploration and isolation of endophytic antagonist agents, purification, in vitro testing of fungal and bacterial endophyte antagonists against P. nicotianae. The stages of P. nicotianae resistance testing to fungicides in vitro began with the preparation of PDA media, followed by mixing PDA media with fungicides according to the treatment, while the ex vivo resistance test of P. nicotianae began with leaf samples immersed in fungicides, followed by attaching P. nicotianae on the leaves. Data analysis for antagonist testing and P. nicotianae resistance to fungicides used analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a 5% significance level using Microsoft Excel 2019 and SPSS 25. Based on the exploration results, three Trichoderma isolates (T80, T95, and T97) and two gram-negative bacterial isolates (BE95 and BE97) in bacillus form were obtained. The antagonist testing showed that the best antagonist agents in the fungal group were T80 with an inhibition percentage of 34.61%, and in the bacterial group, BE95 with an inhibition percentage of 57.11%. The results of in vitro resistance testing of P. nicotianae to fungicides showed that, at various concentrations, P. nicotianae could not grow under any fungicide treatment. However, in ex vivo resistance testing, the optimal concentration of metalaxyl in suppressing P. nicotianae was found to be 2 g/l, while the best concentration of fosetyl-Al in suppressing P. nicotianae was 3 g/l. At these concentrations, no lesions were formed on the tapak dara’s leaves.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0524040018 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username nova |
| Date Deposited: | 15 Feb 2024 02:34 |
| Last Modified: | 15 Feb 2024 02:34 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/215612 |
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