Nuansantri, Azzahra Salmaa and Yunita Eka Puspitasari, S.Pi, M.P. and S.Pi, M.P., M.S. (2023) Identifikasi Senyawa Fitokimia dari Fraksi Metanol Buah Mangrove Api – api (Avicennia alba) Sebagai Inhibitor Enzim α-Glukosidase. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Enzim α-glukosidase merupakan enzim yang berfungsi mengkatalisis pemecahan polisakarida yang akan diabsorpsi menjadi monosakarida yang terdapat di usus. Mekanisme kerja pada penghambat α-glukosidase secara efektif dapat mengurangi kadar glukosa dalam darah dengan cara mengurangi pencernaan karbohidrat kompleks beserta absorpsinya. Buah mangrove A. alba diduga dapat menghambat enzim α-glukosidase karena mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder didalamnya seperti flavonoid, tanin, triterpenoid, saponin, dan alkaloid. Senyawa metabolit sekunder tersebut berpotensi sebagai antidiabetes. Akan tetapi, belum pernah dilakukan penelitian buah A. alba sebagai penghambat enzim α-glukosidase secara in vitro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui senyawa fitokimia pada fraksi metanol buah mangrove api - api (A. alba) dan untuk menentukan apakah buah mangrove api - api (A. alba) dapat menghambat enzim α-glukosidase secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan perlakuan mengekstrak sampel menggunakan larutan metanol untuk dilakukan identifikasi senyawa fitokimia dengan LC-MS/MS, pengujian aktivitas penghambatan α-glukosidase secara in vitro dan pengujian total flavonoid. Pada pengujian aktivitas penghambatan α-glukosidase diperoleh nilai IC50 dimana nilai ini merupakan konsentrasi yang mampu menghambat 50% aktivitas enzim α-glukosidase. Sedangkan pada pengujian total flavonoid menggunakan konsentrasi 200 ppm yang dilakukan secara triplo. Hasil identifikasi senyawa fitokimia dari uji LC-MS/MS menghasilkan senyawa fitokimia yaitu flavonoid. Senyawa yang terkandung dari golongan flavonol dan flavon yang terdiri dari baicalein-7-O-glucuronide, apigenin, velutin, kaempferol, dan kaempferide. Data hasil senyawa fitokimia tersebut akan dilakukan analisis in vitro aktivitas penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase dan total flavonoid fraksi buah mangrove A. alba. Hasil pengujian enzim α-glukosidase fraksi metanol buah mangrove api - api (A. alba) menghasilkan nilai persen inhibisi yang semakin besar seiring bertambahnya nilai konsentrasi pada fraksi metanol buah A. alba. Dari nilai persen inhibisi tersebut diperoleh nilai IC50 sebesar 3984,51 ppm. Sedangkan pada pengujian acarbose diperoleh nilai IC50 sebesar 147,58 ppm. Pada pengujian total flavonoid fraksi metanol buah A. alba pada konsentrasi 200 ppm diperoleh nilai sebesar 20.797,714 mg QE / 100 gram. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa fraksi metanol buah mangrove A. alba mengandung senyawa fitokimia yaitu flavonoid yang berpotensi sebagai inhibitor enzim α-glukosidase. Fraksi metanol buah mangrove A. alba dapat menghambat enzim α-glukosidase tetapi memiliki kemampuan penghambatan yang lebih lemah dibandingkan dengan acarbose. Hal tersebut disebabkan karena nilai IC50 acarbose lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan nilai IC50 pada fraksi metanol buah mangrove A. alba.
English Abstract
The α-glucosidase enzyme is an enzyme that functions to catalyze the breakdown of polysaccharides that will be absorbed into monosaccharides found in the intestine. The mechanism of action of α-glucosidase inhibitors can effectively reduce blood glucose levels by reducing the digestion of complex carbohydrates and their absorption. A. alba mangrove fruit is thought to inhibit the α-glucosidase enzyme because contains secondary metabolite compounds it contains flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, saponins and alkaloids. These secondary metabolite compounds has potential as an antidiabetic. However, research on A. alba fruit as an inhibitor of the α-glucosidase enzyme in vitro has never been carried out. This research aims to determine the phytochemical compounds in the methanol fraction of api - api mangrove fruit (A. alba) and to determine whether api - api mangrove fruit (A. alba) can inhibit the enzyme α-glucosidase in vitro. This research uses experimental methods by fractioning samples using methanol solution to identify phytochemical compounds using LC-MS/MS, testing α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro and testing total flavonoids. In testing the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, the IC50 value was obtained, where this value is the concentration capable of inhibiting 50% of the activity of the α-glucosidase enzyme. Meanwhile, the total flavonoid test used a concentration of 200 ppm which was carried out in triplicate. The results of identifying phytochemical compounds from the LC-MS/MS test produced phytochemical compounds, namely flavonoids. The compounds contained in the flavonol and flavon group consist of baicalein-7-O-glucuronide, apigenin, velutin, kaempferol, and kaempferide. Data on the results of these phytochemical compounds will be subjected to in vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of the α-glucosidase enzyme and total flavonoids of A. alba mangrove fruit fraction. The results of testing the α-glucosidase enzyme for the methanol fraction of api-api mangrove fruit (A. alba) produced an increasing percent inhibition value as the concentration value increased for the methanol fraction of A. alba fruit. From the percent inhibition value, an IC50 value of 3984,51 ppm was obtained. Meanwhile, in the acarbose test, the IC50 value was obtained147,58 ppm. In testing total flavonoids methanol fraction of A. alba fruit at a concentration of 200 ppm the value obtained was 20.797,714 mg QE / 100 grams. From the results of this research, it can be concluded that the methanol fraction of A. alba mangrove fruit contains phytochemical compounds, namely flavonoids, which have the potential to act as inhibitors of the α-glucosidase enzyme. Methanol fraction of A. alba mangrove fruit can inhibit the α-glucosidase enzyme but has a weaker inhibitory ability compared to acarbose. This is because the IC50 value of acarbose is lower than the IC50 value of the methanol fraction of A. alba mangrove fruit.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052308 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan > Teknologi Hasil Perikanan |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Jan 2024 07:47 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Jan 2024 07:47 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/213526 |
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