Penanganan Pelanggaran Berat Hak Asasi Manusia Dalam Situasi Internal Disturbance Pada Kudeta Sudan 2021 Menurut Hukum Internasional

Adhiperdana, Muhammad Hanif and Ikaningtyas,, S.H., LL.M. and Fransiska Ayulistya Susanto,, S.H., LL.M. (2022) Penanganan Pelanggaran Berat Hak Asasi Manusia Dalam Situasi Internal Disturbance Pada Kudeta Sudan 2021 Menurut Hukum Internasional. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Muhammad Hanif Adhiperdana, Hukum Internasional, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya, Mei 2022, Penanganan Pelanggaran Berat Hak Asasi Manusia Dalam Situasi Internal Disturbance Pada Kudeta Sudan 2021 Menurut Hukum Internasional, Ikaningtyas, S.H., Ll.M., Fransiska Ayulistya Susanto, S.H., Ll.M. Skripsi Ini Akan Meneliti Isu Tentang Penanganan Pelanggaran Berat Hak Asasi Manusia Dalam Situasi Internal Disturbance Di Kudeta Sudan 2021 Menurut Hukum Internasional. Pemilihan Topik Tersebut Didasari Atas Terlaksananya Kudeta Sudan 2021 Yang Dipelopori Oleh Jenderal Abdel Fattah Al-Burhan Selaku Pemimpintransitional Military Council (Tmc) Sudan. Sebagai Bentuk Protes, Demonstran Pro-Demokrasi Dari Kalangan Masyarakat Sudan Mulai Turun Ke Jalan Sebagai Bentuk Protes Atas Perebutan Kekuasaan Secara Inkonstitusional Oleh Jenderal Al-Burhan. Dalam Upaya Mengembalikan Tatanan Masyarakat, Angkatan Bersenjata Sudan Mulai Menembaki Para Demonstran. Selain Itu, Banyak Juga Anggota Dari Kalangan Masyarakat Yang Menjadi Korban Penyiksaan Angkatan Bersenjata Sudan Melalui Metode- Metode Seperti Pemukulan Dan Penyetruman. Tindakan Yang Dilakukan Oleh Pemerintah Militer Sudan Menunjukkan Unsur-Unsur Pelanggaran Berat Ham Yang Melanggar Prinsip- Prinsip Hukum Ham Internasional. Berdasarkan Pemaparan Latar Belakang Di Atas, Skripsi Ini Mengangkat Dua Rumusan Masalah: (1) Mengapa Tindakan Angkatan Bersenjata Sudan Terhadap Demonstran Yang Melawan Pemerintah Dikategorikan Sebagai Pelanggaran Berat Hak Asasi Manusia? (2) Bagaimana Ketentuan Mengenai Penanganan Pelanggaran Berat Hak Asasi Manusia Yang Terjadi Di Kudeta Sudan 2021 Menurut Konstitusi Sudan Dan Instrumen Hukum Ham Internasional? Dalam Skripsi Ini, Penulis Menggunakan Metode Yuridis-Normatif Dengan Teknik- Teknik Seperti Pendekatan Konsep, Pendekatan Kasus Dan Pendekatan Perundang-Undangan. Berdasarkan Penelitian Yang Telah Dihimpun Oleh Penulis, Tindakan Angkatan Bersenjata Sudan Yang Melakukan Penembakan Secara Sistematis Dan Penyiksaan Kepada Rakyat Sipil Memenuhi Unsur-Unsur Elements Of Crimes Dari Kejahatan Terhadap Kemanusiaan Yang Tercantum Di Dalam Rome Statute, Utamanya Pasal 7 Angka (1) Huruf (A) Tentang Pembunuhan (Murder) Dan Pasal 7 Angka (1) Huruf (F) Tentang Penyiksaan (Torture). Selain Itu, Ketentuan Yang Tercantum Di Dalam Konstitusi Sudan Juga Linear Dengan Prinsip-Prinsip Yang Diatur Oleh Instrumen Hukum Ham Internasional Yaitu International Covenant On Civil And Political Rights (Iccpr) Dan Convention Against Torture And Other Cruel, Inhuman Or Degrading Treatment Or Punishment (Uncat) Dimana Pemenuhan Hak-Hak Dasar Rakyat Sipil Harus Dilaksanakan Oleh Negara Dan Keadaan Darurat Nasional Adalah Situasi Dimana Pemenuhan Atas Ham Wajib Untuk Dilaksanakan Oleh Negara. Akan Tetapi, Pemerintah Sudan Gagal Dalam Melaksanakan Tanggung Jawab Tersebut Dan Terbukti Melakukan Diskriminasi Serta Perampasan Hak-Hak Masyarakat Ketika Kekacauan Sedang Terjadi. Oleh Karena Itu, Tindakan Pemerintah Sudan Yang Melakukan Penembakan Dan Penyiksaan Terhadap Rakyat Sipil Memenuhi Unsur-Unsur Pelanggaran Berat Ham Dan Kejahatan Terhadap Kemanusiaan Serta Penanganan Yang Dilakukan Oleh Pemerintah Sudan Tidak Sesuai Dengan Prinsip-Prinsip Yang Diatur Oleh Konstitusi Sudan Dan Instrumen Hukum Ham Internasional, Seperti Penanganan Dalam Situasi Internal Disturbance Dan Penanganan Dalam Perlindungan Rakyat Sipil.

English Abstract

This thesis will analyse the issue on THE HANDLING OF GROSS HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS DURING A SITUATION OF INTERNAL DISTURBANCE ON SUDAN COUP 2021 IN ACCORDANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL LAW. This topic is chosen due to a coup happening in Sudan in 2021 which was initiated by General Abdel Fattah Al-Burhan as the Chief of Transitional Military Council (TMC). As a form of demonstration, pro-democracy protesters began pouring on the streets of Sudan to criticize the event of power struggle by General AlBurhan. To restore the public order, the armed forces of Sudan started to shoot the protesters with live bullets. On the other hand, many members of the society became the victims of torture by the armed forces through several methods such as beatings and electric shocks. These actions by the military Government of Sudan indicates gross human rights violations which are not in order with the principles of International Human Rights Law. Based on this Background, this thesis will raise two problem formulations: (1) Why are the actions by the armed forces of Sudan to the protesters who demonstrase against the Government categorized as gross human rights violations? (2) How does the provision on the handling of gross human rights violations in the 2021 Sudan Coup appear based on the Constitution of Sudan and International Human Rights Law instruments? The author applies jurisdical-normative method with three techniques of research approach, namely conceptual approach, case approach and statute approach. From this research, the Author discovered that the actions conducted by the armed forces of Sudan who started the systematic shooting and torture against the civilian population fulfilled the elements regulated by the Rome Statute on the Elements of Crimes for the crimes against humanity, mainly Article 7 Number (1) Letter (a) about murder and Article 7 Number (1) Letter (f) about torture. Moreover, the provision in which is stated within the Constitution of Sudan is parallel with the principles within the International Human Rights instruments, which is International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) dan Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (UNCAT) where the fulfilment of basic rights for the civilian population must be done by the State and a national emergency is a situation where the enforcement of human rights becomes the Government’s obligation. However, Sudanese Government failed in undertaking this responsibility and is proven to have conducted discrimination and the forceful taking of basic people’s rights when the chaos was underway. Therefore, the actions of Sudanese Government in which they committed shooting and torture against civilian population fulfil the elements of gross human rights violations and crimes against humanity. Moreover, the handling that Sudanese Government undertakes is not in accordance with the principles within the Sudan Constitution and international human rights law instruments, such as the handling of the internal disturbance and the handling of protection of civilian population.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	052301
Divisions:	Fakultas Hukum > Ilmu Hukum
Depositing User:	Pitoyo Widhi Atmoko
Date Deposited:	24 Jan 2024 04:45
Last Modified:	24 Jan 2024 04:45
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/212690

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