Ambarita, Ezra and Ika Atsari Dewi, STP., MP. and Arie Febrianto Mulyadi, STP., MP. (2023) Analisis Derajat Putih dan Densitas Selulosa Nanokristalin Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (Kajian Suhu Oksidasi dan Konsentrasi Amonium Persulfat). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) adalah limbah utama hasil pengolahan tandan buah segar (TBS) kelapa sawit yang memiliki kadar selulosa sebesar 22,84%. Selulosa tersusun atas zona kristalin dan zona amorf, dimana keberadaan zona kristalin memberikan berbagai kelebihan yaitu aspek rasio, stabilitas termal, dan kekuatan mekanis. Selulosa nanokristalin (CNC) adalah salah satu produk turunan selulosa hasil isolasi zona kristalin berdimensi nano yang memiliki kekuatan tarik, modulus elastisitas, dan densitas yang sangat baik melebihi bahan penguat sintetis sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai agen penguat alami potensial. Metode oksidasi amonium persulfat (APS) adalah metode isolasi yang memiliki berbagai kelebihan yaitu memiliki toksisitas rendah, kelarutan tinggi, dan biaya operasional rendah. Pada metode ini, kondisi reaksi seperti waktu reaksi, suhu, dan konsentrasi APS mempengaruhi karakteristik CNC. Karakteristik fisik CNC yang perlu diidentifikasi diantaranya adalah derajat putih dan densitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan suhu oksidasi dan konsentrasi APS dan pengaruh kombinasi perlakuan suhu oksidasi dan konsentrasi APS terhadap densitas dan derajat putih CNC dari TKKS serta mengetahui karakteristik CNC TKKS yang diperoleh melalui perlakuan suhu oksidasi dan konsentrasi APS terbaik. Penelitian menggunakan model rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 2 faktor uji yaitu suhu oksidasi dan konsentrasi APS. Faktor uji suhu oksidasi memiliki tiga taraf yaitu 60ºC, 70ºC, dan 80ºC dengan konsentrasi APS memiliki tiga taraf yaitu 1M; 1,5M; dan 2M. Terdapat 9 kombinasi perlakuan yang diperoleh dengan 3 kali perulangan. Pengujian yang dilakukan terhadap sampel adalah uji derajat putih, densitas, dan perhitungan rendemen. Hasil pengujian yang diperoleh diolah secara statistika dengan melalui uji Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Pengujian lanjutan berupa uji kadar air dan ukuran partikel dilakukan terhadap perlakuan terbaik yang diperoleh melalui uji indeks efektivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa derajat putih tertinggi sebesar 81,94% diperoleh melalui perlakuan suhu 80ºC dengan konsentrasi APS sebesar 2M, sedangkan derajat putih terendah sebesar 67,53% diperoleh melalui perlakuan suhu 80ºC dengan konsentrasi APS sebesar 1M. Densitas tertinggi sebesar 0,7869 g/cm3 diperoleh pada perlakuan suhu 60ºC dengan konsentrasi APS sebesar 1M, sedangkan densitas terendah sebesar 0,5155 g/cm3 diperoleh melalui perlakuan suhu 80ºC dengan konsentrasi APS sebesar 1M. Rendemen tertinggi sebesar 42,42% diperoleh melalui perlakuan suhu 80ºC dengan konsentrasi APS sebesar 1M, sedangkan rendemen terendah sebesar 21,09% diperoleh melalui perlakuan suhu 60ºC dengan konsentrasi APS sebesar 2M. Analisis data secara statistika menunjukkan bahwa suhu oksidasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap densitas dan rendemen CNC, sedangkan konsentrasi APS mempengaruhi derajat putih dan rendemen CNC. Kombinasi perlakuan suhu oksidasi dan konsentrasi APS berpengaruh signifikan terhadap parameter densitas, namun tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap parameter derajat putih dan rendemen CNC. Kombinasi terbaik perlakuan yang diperoleh melalui uji indeks efektivitas adalah perlakuan suhu oksidasi 60ºC dan konsentrasi APS 1M. Kombinasi perlakuan tersebut menghasilkan CNC dengan derajat putih sebesar 69,44%; densitas sebesar 0,7869 g/cm3; rendemen sebanyak 25,80%; kadar air sebesar 12,64%; dan rata-rata distribusi ukuran partikel sebesar 10.757 nm. CNC dapat diaplikasikan dalam nanokomposit seperti hidrogel, namun karakteristik CNC yang diperoleh melalui perlakuan terbaik belum sesuai dengan CNC komersial.
English Abstract
Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) is the main waste resulting from palm oil processing, which has a cellulose content of 22.84%. Cellulose is composed of a crystalline zone and an amorphous zone, where the presence of the crystalline zone provides various advantages, like aspect ratio, thermal stability, and mechanical strength. Cellulose nanocrystalline (CNC) is a cellulose derivative product resulting from the isolation of nanodimensional crystalline zones that have tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and density that are superior to those of synthetic reinforcing materials so that it can be used as a potential natural reinforcing agent. The ammonium persulfate (APS) oxidation method is an isolation method that has various advantages, namely low toxicity, high solubility, and low operational costs. In this method, reaction conditions such as reaction time, oxydation temperature, and APS concentration influence the characteristics of CNC. The physical characteristics of CNC that need to be identified include the whiteness index and density. This research aims to determine the effect of differences in oxidation temperature and APS concentration and the effect of the combination of oxidation temperature and APS concentration treatment on the whiteness index and density of CNC from OPEFB, and to determine the characteristics of CNC obtained through treatment with the best oxidation temperature and APS concentration. The research uses randomized block design with two test factors, oxidation temperature and APS concentration. The oxidation temperature test factor has three levels, namely 60ºC, 70ºC, and 80ºC, with the APS concentration having three levels, namely 1M, 1.5M, and 2M. There were nine treatment combinations obtained with three repetitions. Tests carried out on samples included whiteness index, density, and yield calculations. The test results obtained were processed statistically using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Further testing in the form of moisture content and particle size tests was carried out on the best treatment obtained through the effectiveness index test. The research results showed that the highest whiteness index of 81.94% was obtained through treatment at a temperature of 80ºC with an APS concentration of 2M, while the lowest whiteness of 67,53% was obtained through treatment at a temperature of 80ºC with an APS concentration of 1M. The highest density of 0,7869 g/cm3 was obtained at a treatment temperature of 60ºC with an APS concentration of 1M, while the lowest density of 0,5155 g/cm3 was obtained at a treatment temperature of 80ºC with an APS concentration of 1M. The highest yield of 42,42% was obtained through treatment at a temperature of 80ºC with an APS concentration of 1M, while the lowest yield of 21,09% was obtained through treatment at a temperature of 60ºC with an APS concentration of 2M. Statistical data analysis result shows that the oxidation temperature has a significant effect on the density and yield of CNC, while the APS concentration influences the whiteness index and yield of CNC. The combination of oxidation temperature and APS concentration treatment had a significant effect on the density parameters but did not have a significant effect on the whiteness index parameters or CNC yield. The best combination of treatments obtained through the effectiveness index test was an oxidation temperature of 60ºC and an APS concentration of 1M. This combination of treatments produces CNC with whiteness index of 69.44%; density of 0.7869 g/cm3; yield of 25.80%; water content of 12.64%; and an average particle size distribution of 10,757 nm. CNC can be applied to nanocomposites such as hydrogel, but the characteristics of CNC obtained through the best treatment do not match those of commercial CNC.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052310 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Densitas, Derajat Putih, Oksidasi APS, Selulosa Nanokristalin-APS Oxidation, Density, Nanocrystalline Cellulose, Whiteness Index |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Industri Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with email y13w@ub.ac.id |
| Date Deposited: | 16 Jan 2024 07:58 |
| Last Modified: | 16 Jan 2024 07:58 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/211105 |
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Text (DALAM MASA EMBARGO)
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