Fitri Dyah Purwani., Yossy and Dr. Ir. Susinggih Wijana,, MS. and eauty Suestining Diyah Dewanti,, ST, MT, Ph.D (2023) Optimasi Pembuatan Sabun Cair Berbasis Minyak Kelapa dan Minyak Sawit dengan Penambahan Minyak Atsiri Kulit Jeruk Baby Java (Kajian Terhadap Rasio Minyak dan Waktu Pengadukan). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
RINGKASAN Sabun mandi sebagai kebutuhan sekunder penunjang hidup bersih dan sehat karena sabun berfungsi menghilangkan kotoran dan bakteri yang menempel pada kulit. Sabun cair memiliki bentuk cairan homogen sehingga reaksi sabun ke permukaan kulit lebih cepat dibandingkan sabun padat serta lebih praktis dan higienis dalam penyimpanannya. Adanya trend back to nature memunculkan perkembangan produk-produk menggunakan bahan alami salah satunya sabun mandi. Sabun yang menggunakan bahan sintetik sebagai bahan aktif dapat menimbulkan iritasi pada kulit sehingga perlu diatasi dengan pemanfaatan minyak kulit jeruk baby java. Kandungan utama minyak atsiri kulit jeruk yaitu limonen yang memberikan aroma segar khas jeruk alami yang dapat menggantikan pewangi sintetis yang biasa ditambahkan dalam sabun. Komponen utama penyusun sabun cair yaitu asam lemak (minyak) sebagai basis sabun dan alkali (KOH) sebagai basa. Basis sabun yang digunakan yaitu minyak kelapa dan minyak sawit karena keduanya memiliki manfaat yang berbeda sehingga perlu diketahui berapa rasio untuk mendapatkan formulasi sabun yang optimal berdasarkan standar mutu sabun mandi cair. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik optimasi metode Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dengan rancangan Central Composite Design (CCD) menggunakan dua faktor dan tiga respon. Faktor pertama yaitu rasio minyak kelapa : minyak sawit (1:1, 3:1, 5:1) dan faktor kedua yaitu waktu pengadukan (20 menit, 40 menit, 60 menit) sehingga dihasilkan 13 percobaan. Respon yang dipilih yaitu derajat keasaman (pH), stabilitas busa, dan kadar asam lemak bebas pada sabun cair. Analisis data menggunakan program Design Expert 13 kemudian dilakukan verifikasi sesuai hasil perlakuan dari kondisi optimal. Hasil verifikasi kondisi optimal kemudian dilakukan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Berdasarkan penelitian dengan analisis data Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dapat diketahui kondisi optimal prediksi RSM diperoleh rasio minyak kelapa : minyak sawit sebanyak 1:1 dan waktu pengadukan selama 60 menit. Model analisis data respon yang dihasilkan yaitu model linear untuk respon pH dan stabilitas busa, serta model quadratic untuk respon kadar asam lemak bebas. Hasil prediksi nilai respon yaitu pH 9,512, stabilitas busa 86,954%, dan kadar asam lemak bebas 0,386%. Verifikasi data optimal dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak 3 kali dengan akurasi respon pH 99,52%, stabilitas busa 92,91%, dan kadar asam lemak bebas 98,10%. Hasil data verifikasi diperoleh pH 9,46667, stabilitas busa 80,7867%, dan kadar asam lemak bebas 0,393333%. Berdasarkan perlakuan optimal dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dengan diameter zona hambat sebesar 14 mm untuk konsentrasi 100% dan diameter zona hambat 12,5 mm untuk konsentrasi 50% yang menunjukkan sabun memiliki daya hambat kuat terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil penelitian sabun cair dengan penambahan minyak atsiri kulit jeruk baby java telah memenuhi standar berdasarkan SNI 4085:2017.
English Abstract
SUMMARY Bath soap is a secondary need to support a clean and healthy life because soap removes dirt and bacteria attached to the skin. Liquid soap has a homogeneous liquid form so that the reaction of the soap to the surface of the skin is faster than solid soap and is more practical and hygienic in storage. The trend back to nature has led to the development of products using natural ingredients, one of which is bath soap. Soaps that use synthetic ingredients as active ingredients can cause irritation to the skin, so it needs to be overcome by using baby java orange peel oil. The main content of orange peel essential oil is limonene, which gives a fresh, natural citrus scent that can replace synthetic fragrances that are usually added to soap. The main components of liquid soap are fatty acids (oil) as a soap base and alkali (KOH) as a base. The soap bases used are coconut oil and palm oil because both have different benefits, so it is necessary to know what ratio is to obtain the optimal soap formulation based on the quality standard of liquid body soap. This study used an optimization technique using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method with a Central Composite Design (CCD) design using two factors and three responses. The first factor was the ratio of coconut oil: palm oil (1:1, 3:1, 5:1) and the second factor was the stirring time (20 minutes, 40 minutes, 60 minutes) so that 13 trials were produced. The responses chosen were the degree of acidity (pH), foam stability, and free fatty acid levels in liquid soap. Data analysis using the Design Expert 13 program was then verified according to the treatment results from optimal conditions. The optimal condition verification results were then tested for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Based on research with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) data analysis, it can be seen that the optimal condition predicted by RSM is obtained by the ratio of coconut oil: palm oil of 1:1 and the stirring time is 60 minutes. The resulting response data analysis model is a linear model for pH response and foam stability, and a quadratic model for free fatty acid content response. The predicted response value was pH 9.512, foam stability 86.954%, and free fatty acid content 0.386%. Optimal data verification was repeated 3 times with an accuracy of pH response of 99.52%, foam stability of 92.91%, and free fatty acid content of 98.10%. The verification data results obtained pH 9.46667, foam stability 80.7867%, and free fatty acid content 0.393333%. Based on the optimal treatment, an antibacterial activity test was carried out on Staphylococcus aureus with an inhibition zone diameter of 14 mm for a 100% concentration and an inhibition zone diameter of 12.5 mm for a 50% concentration which showed that soap had a strong inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The results of the research on liquid soap with the addition of baby java orange peel essential oil have met the standards based on SNI 4085:2017.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052310 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Basis Sabun, Rasio Minyak, Sabun Cair, Standar Mutu |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Industri Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username saputro |
| Date Deposited: | 16 Jan 2024 06:56 |
| Last Modified: | 16 Jan 2024 06:56 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/210984 |
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