Maulana MS, Viqy and Hendrix Yulis Setyawan,, STP. M.Si, Ph.D and Dr. Dodyk Pranowo,, STP, M.Si (2023) Optimasi Proses Produksi Micro Biochar Limbah Serbuk Kayu Jati. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
RINGKASAN Jati termasuk kedalam familian Lamiaceae. Karakteristik dari kayu jati yaitu keras, kuat, bertekstur kasar, berbutir lurus, berat, dan berpori cincin. Industri furniture pada tahun 2019 termasuk kedalam lima besar industri yang mengalami pertumbuhan terbesar yaitu 8,35%. Untuk nilai ekspor industri furniture menyentuh angka 1,95 miliar dollar AS di tahun 2019, angka tersebut naik sebesar 14,6% jika dibandingkan pada tahun 2018. Limbah yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan produksi mebel atau furniture salah satunya yaitu potongan-potongan serbuk kayu. Pemanfaatan limbah serbuk kayu masih terbatas dan juga belum optimal pada industri furniture sehingga terjadi penumpukan limbah serbuk kayu, sehingga pemanfaatan biomassa limbah tersebut perlu dilakukan. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut perlu dilakukan optimasi terkait kadar air, kadar abu, volatile matter (VM), karbon terikat, kadar kalor, dan rendemen dengan bertujuan mendapatkan micro biochar terbaik dan sesuai dengan syarat mutu biochar berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Rancangan penelitian menggunakan optimasi Response Surface Method (RSM). Respon penelitian meliputi kadar air, kadar abu, volatile matter, karbon terikat, kadar kalor, dan rendemen. Penetapan level faktor yang terdiri dari dua faktor yaitu suhu pirolisis (A) dan waktu ball mill (B). Faktor A terdiri dari level atas (X1= 1) sebesar 550 oC dan level bawah (X1= -1) sebesar 350 oC. Faktor B terdiri dari level atas (X2= 1) sebesar 2160 menit dan level bawah (X2= -1) sebesar 720 menit. Nilai level faktor dan nilai α dan –α dirumuskan di aplikasi Design Expert sehingga menghasilkan data rancangan suatu percobaan yang baik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan suhu optimal pirolisis 550 oC dengan waktu penggilingan 720 menit. Untuk standar prediksi respon kadar air, kadar abu, volatile matter, karbon terikat, kadar kalor, dan rendemen masing-masing sebesar 2,418%, 3,046%, 13,414%, 80,683%, 3872,34 cal/gr, dan 91,93%. Verifikasi respon berada pada rentang yang diprediksi oleh software. Rata-rata nilai kadar air,kadar abu, VM, karbon terikat, kadar kalor, dan rendemen masing-masing yaitu 2,4%, 0,19%, 13,1%, 82%, 3378 cal/gr, dan 90,3%. Hasil akurasi dari respon kadar air,kadar abu, VM, karbon terikat, kadar kalor, dan rendemen masing-masing sebesar 99%, 93,7%, 98,2%, 98,3%, 87,2%, dan 98,2%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut menunjukkan model dapat mampu menduga nilai aktual untuk parameter respon dengan ketelitian yang cukup tinggi. Saran dari penelitian ini adalah mengurangi waktu ball mill untuk menghasilkan ukuran micro, sehingga mengurangi waktu penggilingan dan dapat menghemat biaya dalam proses penggilingan. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat pada hasil optimasi yang menetapkan waktu ball mill sebesar 720 menit, waktu tersebut merupakan batas bawah dari waktu penggilingan. Untuk analisis ukuran partikel pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengayakan dengan mesh 300 belum menunjukkan hasil pengujian yang optimal. Sehingga diperlukan suatu pengujian yang lebih akurat seperti uji Particle Size Analyzer (PSA).
English Abstract
SUMMARY Teak belongs to the Lamiaceae family. The characteristics of teak wood are hardness, strength, coarse texture, straight grain, heaviness, and ring porousness. The furniture industry was among the top five industries with the highest growth rate in 2019, with a growth rate of 8.35%. The export value of the furniture industry reached $1.95 billion US dollars in 2019, which increased by 14.6% compared to 2018. One of the waste products generated from furniture production activities is wood sawdust. The utilization of wood sawdust waste is still limited and not yet optimized in the furniture industry, resulting in an accumulation of wood sawdust waste. Therefore, the utilization of this biomass waste needs to be carried out. Based on this background, optimization is needed regarding moisture content, ash content, volatile matter (VM), fixed carbon, calorific value, and yield with the aim of obtaining the best micro biochar that meets the quality requirements of biochar based on Indonesian National Standards (SNI). The research design uses the optimization of the Response Surface Method (RSM). The research response includes moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, calorific value, and yield. The determination of factor levels consists of two factors: pyrolysis temperature (A) and ball milling time (B). Factor A consists of the high level (X1=1) at 550 °C and the low level (X1=-1) at 350 °C. Factor B consists of the high level (X2=1) at 2160 minutes and the low level (X2=-1) at 720 minutes. The factor level values and α and -α values are formulated in the Design Expert application to generate well-designed experimental data. The research results show that the optimal pyrolysis temperature is 550 °C with a milling time of 720 minutes. For the predicted response standards of moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, calorific value, and yield, the values are 2.418%, 3.046%, 13.414%, 80.683%, 3872.34 cal/g, and 91.93%, respectively. The verification response is within the predicted range of the software. The average values of moisture content, ash content, VM, fixed carbon, calorific value, and yield are 2.4%, 0.19%, 13.1%, 82%, 3378 cal/g, and 90.3%, respectively. The accuracy of the response for moisture content, ash content, VM, fixed carbon, calorific value, and yield is 99%, 93.7%, 98.2%, 98.3%, 87.2%, and 98.2%, respectively. Based on these results, the model is capable of accurately predicting the actual values for the response parameters. The suggestion from this study is to reduce the ball milling time to produce a smaller particle size, thereby reducing milling time and saving costs in the milling process. This can be seen in the optimization results that set the ball milling time to 720 minutes, which is the lower limit of the milling time. For particle size analysis in this study, the sieve method with a 300-mesh size has not shown optimal test results. Therefore, a more accurate testing method such as Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) testing is needed.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052310 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Ball Mill, Micro Biochar, Pirolisis, Response Surface Methodology |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Industri Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username saputro |
| Date Deposited: | 16 Jan 2024 03:08 |
| Last Modified: | 16 Jan 2024 03:08 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/210724 |
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Text (DALAM MASA EMBARGO)
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