Alyaa Hisaanah., Tsaabitah and Sri Suhartini,, STP, M, Enc. Mgt, PhD and Nurika, STP, MP, PhD (2023) Anaerobic Co-Digestion Residu Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) Hasil Hidrolisis Asam dan Hidrolisis Enzim dengan Limbah Makanan. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
RINGKASAN Kebutuhan energi yang tinggi di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan teknologi, pertumbuhan ekonomi serta peningkatan populasi manusia. Selama ini pemenuhan kebutuhan energi tersebut masih menggunakan bahan bakar fosil yang jika dibiarkan akan berakibat buruk pada lingkungan. Salah satu jenis energi terbaharukan adalah bioenergi berupa biogas. Biogas dapat diperoleh dari beragam jenis biomassa hasil pertanian. Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) dan limbah makanan menjadi sumber biomassa yang baik karena kandungan organiknya. TKKS dapat diolah menjadi beragam bioproduk dan bioenergi, seperti xilitol dan bioetanol. Namun, dalam prosesnya masih meninggalkan residu yang cukup banyak dan berpotensi sebagai biomassa pembuatan biogas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi karakteristik dari co-subtrat yang digunakan serta mengevaluasi potensi gas metana dan estimasi jumlah energi listrik yang dihasilkan dari co-subtrat TKKS dengan limbah makanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Percobaan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 2 faktor perlakuan yaitu faktor rasio dan faktor keberagaman jenis sampel (untreated TKKS, treated TKKS, residu TKKS (hasil hidrolisis asam dan enzim)). Terdapat 11-unit sampel yang terdiri atas kontrol inokulum, kontrol α selulosa, kontrol limbah makanan dan co-subtrat TKKS dengan limbah makanan (rasio 50:50 dan rasio 70:30) dan setiap sampel dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Uji potensi gas metana dilakukan dengan metode Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) test menggunakan AMPTS II (Automated Methane Potential Test System), selama 28 hari dalam kondisi mesofilik suhu 37◦C. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keseluruhan jenis TKKS (untreated, treated, hasil hidrolisis asam dan enzim) dan limbah makanan berpotensi menjadi subtrat dalam pembuatan biogas karena memiliki >20% kadar air dan adanya peningkatan %TS dan %VS serta memiliki rentang rasio C/N yaitu 19-42. Hasil potensi spesifik metana (SMP) tertinggi didapatkan dari co-subtrat residu TKKS hasil hidrolisis asam dengan limbah makanan pada rasio 50:50 yaitu sebesar 0,403 m3 CH4/kg VS dan menghasilkan estimasi potensi listrik tertinggi adalah sebesar 1120,421 kWh dengan asumsi dalam 1 ton yang akan mencukupi kebutuhan listrik >200 rumah dengan asumsi kebutuhan harian listrik adalah 5,03 kWh. Sehingga, berdasarkan hasil dapat disimpulkan bahwa co-subtrat residu TKKS hasil hidrolisis asam dengan limbah makanan memiliki potensi yang baik sebagai subtrat untuk biogas.
English Abstract
SUMMARY Indonesia's high energy needs are influenced by technological developments, economic growth and an increase in human population. So far, the fulfillment of these energy needs still uses fossil fuels which, if left unchecked, will have a negative impact on the environment. One type of renewable energy is bioenergy in the form of biogas. Biogas can be obtained from various types of agricultural biomass. Oil Palm Empty Bunches (EFB) and food waste are good sources of biomass because of their organic content. OPEFB can be processed into various bioproducts and bioenergy, such as xylitol and bioethanol. However, the process still leaves quite a lot of residue and has the potential to be used as biogas production biomass. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of the co-substrate used as well as evaluate the methane gas potential and estimate the amount of electrical energy generated from the OPEFB co-substrate with food waste. This study used a Completely Randomized Trial Design (CRD) method with 2 treatment factors, namely the ratio factor and the sample type diversity factor (untreated EFB, treated EFB, residue EFB (results of hydrolyzed bioethanol and hydrolyzed xylitol)). There were 11 sample units consisting of inoculum control, α cellulose control, food waste control and OPEFB co-substrate with food waste (50:50 ratio and 70:30 ratio) and each sample was repeated 3 times. Methane potential test was carried out using the Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) test method using AMPTS II (Automated Methane Potential Test System), for 28 days in mesophilic conditions. The results of this study indicate that all types of OPEFB (untreated, treated, acid and enzyme hydrolysis results) and food waste have the potential to become substrates for biogas production because they have >20% water content and an increase in %TS and %VS and have a range of C/N ratios. i.e. 19-42. The highest specific potential yield of methane (SMP) was obtained from the co-substrate of OPEFB residue from acid hydrolysis with food waste at a ratio of 50:50, namely 0.403 m3 CH4/kg VS and produced the highest estimated electric potential of 1120.421 kWh assuming within 1 ton which will meet the electricity needs of >200 houses assuming the daily electricity demand is 5.03 kWh. So, based on the results it can be concluded that the co-substrate of OPEFB residue resulting from acid hydrolysis with food waste has good potential as a substrate for biogas.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052310 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Anaerobic Digestion, Biogas, BMP Test, Limbah Makanan, Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Industri Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username saputro |
| Date Deposited: | 16 Jan 2024 01:48 |
| Last Modified: | 16 Jan 2024 01:48 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/210596 |
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