Nopebrian, Aris (2017) Studi Optimasi Pola Tata Tanam untuk Mengoptimalkan Luas Lahan Sawah dan Keuntungan di Daerah Irigasi Karang Anyar (436 ha) Kabupaten Malang. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Pengadaan pangan di Indonesia harus dipersiapkan guna memenuhi kebutuhan pangan untuk penduduk yang jumlahnya bertambah dengan pesat. Namun, DI Karang Anyar memiliki masalah dimana pola tanam dan luas tanam yang tidak sesuai dengan ketersediaan air irigasi sehingga berdampak terhadap kurang maksimalnya pemberian air irigasi dan pada konklusinya berpengaruh kepada hasil produksi pertanian yang kurang maksimal pula. Studi ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui pola tata tanam terbaik yang sesuai dengan ketesediaan air irigasi dimana pola tata tanam yang baik dilihat berdasakan intensitas tanam dan keuntungan produksi hasil usaha tani tertinggi selama satu tahun atau tiga musim tanam. Tahap awal pada studi ini adalah melakukan analisa hidrologi dimana secara terurut meliputi perhitungan evapotranspirasi potensial dengan metode Penman Modifikasi, pemeriksaan konsistensi data curah hujan dengan metode double mass curve, perhitungan curah hujan andalan, perhitungan curah hujan efektif dan penentuan debit andalan dengan metode Weibull. Selanjutnya, melakukan analisa penentuan nilai-nilai yang mempengaruhi kebutuhan air irigasi dimana meliputi perhitungan penyiapan lahan dengan metode Van de Goor dan Zijlstra, perhitungan nilai pergantian lapisan air (WLR), koefisien tanaman sesuai jenis tanaman dan efisiensi irigasi sesuai kriteria saluran irigasi. Hasil analisa di atas kemudian digunakan untuk perhitungan guna mengetahui kebutuhan air tanaman dengan menentukan skenario alternatif pola tata tanam (PTT) yang disesuaikan dengan jadwal tanam yang berlaku di DI Karang Anyar. Selanjutnya, menentukan model matematika linier sesuai dengan skenario alternatif PTT yang meliputi fungsi kendala (luas baku, kebutuhan air tanaman, dan debit air andalan) dan fungsi tujuan (luas tanam optimal dan keuntungan maksimal hasil usaha tani). Berdasarkan model matematika tersebut, kemudian digunakan sebagai masukan (input) pada fasilitas Solver dari Microsoft Excel guna mengetahui luas tanam optimal dan keuntungan hasil usaha tani maksimal. Dari hasil perhitungan yang dilakukan, hasil optimasi dengan debit air andalan pada kondisi rendah (Qp = 0,80) dan normal (Qp = 50) diperoleh pola tata tanam terbaik pada Alternatif ke-5 (padi, tebu – palawija, tebu – padi, tebu) dengan intensitas tanam untuk masing-masing kondisi sebesar 190,46% dan 231,14% serta keuntungan hasil usaha tani untuk masing-masing kondisi sebesar Rp10.895.973.582,- dan Rp13.539.099.637,-. Selain itu, hasil optimasi dengan debit air andalan pada kondisi cukup (Qp = 0,25) diperoleh pola tata tanam terbaik pada Alternatif ke-3 (padi, palawija, tebu – padi, palawija, tebu – palawija, tebu) dengan intensitas tanam sebesar 262,99% dan keuntungan hasil usaha tani sebesar Rp15.951.071.409,-
English Abstract
Food supply in Indonesia must be prepared to fulfill the food needs of the population which is growing rapidly. However, Karang Anyar Irrigation Area had a problem where the availability of irrigation water were not sufficient for the cropping pattern and planting area. So that, it had impact to the lack of maximum irrigation water supply. The conclusion, it had effects on agricultural production results those were not maximum. This study was to find out the best cropping pattern which was sufficient with the availability of irrigation water. The best cropping pattern was seen based on the plant intensity and the profit of agricultural production of a year or three planting seasons. The first phase of this study was hydrological analysis which included the calculation of potential evapotranspiration with Modified Penman method, consistency checking of rainfall data by double mass curve method, calculation of reliable rainfall, effective rainfall calculation and determination of dependable discharge by Weibull method. The second phase was to analize the values affecting irrigation water requirements which included calculation of land preparation by Van de Goor and Zijlstra methods, calculation of water layer requirement (WLR), plant coefficient based on plant type and irrigation efficiency according to criteria of irrigation channel. Then, the results of the above analysis which were used for calculations to determine the needs of crop water by determining alternative scenarios of cropping patterns those were adjusted to the applied planting schedule in Karang Anyar Irrigation Area. The third phase was to determine the linear mathematical model according to the alternative scenario of cropping pattern which was included the constraint function (standard area, crop water requirement, and dependable discharge) and the purpose function (optimal planting area and maximum profit of agricultural production). Based on the mathematical models, then it was used as input at Solver facility from Microsoft Excel to know optimal planting area and maximum profit of agricultural production. From the results of calculation, optimum results with dependable discharge at low condition (Qp = 0,80) and normal condition (Qp = 50) obtained best cropping pattern on 5th Alternative (rice, cane - palawija, cane – rice, cane) with planting intensity for each conditions which were 190,46% and 231,14% and also profit of agricultural production for each condition which was amount to Rp10.895.973.582,- and Rp13.539.099.637,-. In addition, optimization results with dependable discharge at adequate conditions (Qp = 0,25) obtained the best planting pattern on 3rd Alternative (rice, palawija, cane - rice, palawija, cane - palawija, cane) with planting intensity was 262,99% and profit of agricultural production which was amount to Rp15.951.071.409,-.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FT/2017/596/051706657 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | irigasi, optimasi, pola tata tanam, program linier, Solver, Microsoft Excel |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting > 631.58 Special methods of cultivation > 631.587 Irrigation / Sprinkler irrigation |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknik > Teknik Pengairan |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Sep 2017 06:52 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Jul 2022 04:43 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/2102 |
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