Natasya Safirah, Nikwangi and Ika Atsari Dewi,, STP, MP and Dr. Dodyk Pranowo,, STP, M.Si. (2023) Optimasi Ekstraksi Nanokalsium Tulang Ikan Tuna (Thunnus Sp.) Menggunakan Metode Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Ikan tuna merupakan jenis ikan pelagis besar yang masuk keluarga Scombridae yang memiliki kandungan kalsium antara 20,75-45,67%. Kalsium umumnya tersedia dalam ukuran mikro yang diduga dalam proses metabolisme tubuh hanya terserap 50% dari total kalsium yang dikonsumsi. Nanokalsium memiliki ukuran 1-1000 nm memudahkan memasuki reseptor sehingga dapat terabsorpsi secara cepat dan sempurna ke tubuh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mendapatkan titik optimal respon rendemen (Y 1 ), kadar kalsium (Y 2 ), dan derajat putih (Y 3 ) pada proses ekstraksi nanokalsium dari penambahan konsentrasi NaOH (X 1 ) dan waktu ekstraksi (X 2 ). Pembuatan nanokalsium dilakukan dengan metode Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) dengan bantuan pelarut NaOH. Alat yang digunakan dalam proses ekstraksi yaitu Ultrasonic Bath Extraction. Penelitian ini dirancang menggunakan Response Surface Methodology dengan model Central Composite Design. Faktor pertama yang digunakan adalah konsentrasi NaOH yang terdiri dari 3 level (1 N; 1,5N, 2N). Faktor kedua merupakan waktu ekstraksi yang terdiri dari 3 level (30, 60, 90 menit). Ekstraksi nanokalsium dilakukan pada suhu 60 o C dengan frekuensi 20 kHz dan amplitude 100%. Hasil optimasi proses ekstraksi nanokalsium dari tulang ikan tuna terdapat pada kombinasi perlakuan konsentrasi NaOH 1,01 N pada waktu 53,46 menit. Pada kondisi optimum, nanokalsium memiliki rendemen 82,68%, kadar kalsium 40,20%, dan derajat putih 83,56%. Nanokalsium dengan perlakuan optimal dilakukan pengujian proksimat dan ukuran partikel. Pengujian proksimat menghasilkan kadar air 4,11%, kadar abu 92,03%, kadar karbohidrat 3,729%, kadar lemak 0,087%, kadar protein 0,044% dan memperoleh ukuran partikel yaitu 193,68 nm. Hasil yang diperoleh telah memenuhi standar berdasarkan karakterisasinya sebagai bahan fortifikasi produk bodycare. Limbah tulang ikan tuna merupakan peluang dalam pengembangan usaha untuk produksi nanokalsium. Perlunya penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai pemanfaatan nanokalsium tulang ikan tuna dalam bidang Industri Teknologi Pertanian seperti penggunaan nanokalsium sebagai bahan fortifikasi produk non pangan maupun pangan.
English Abstract
Tuna is a type of large pelagic fish belonging to the Scombridae family which has a calcium content between 20.75-45.67%. Calcium is generally available in micro size which is thought to be absorbed in the body's metabolic processes, only 50% of the total calcium consumed. Nanocalcium has a size of 1-1000 nm making it easy to enter receptors so that it can be absorbed quickly and completely into the body. The purpose of this study was to obtain the optimal yield response point (Y 1 ix ), calcium level (Y 2 ), and whiteness degree (Y 3 ) in the nanocalcium extraction process from the addition of NaOH concentration (X 1 ) and extraction time (X 2 ). Nanocalcium can be prepared using the Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) method with the help of NaOH solvent. The tool used in the extraction process is Ultrasonic Bath Extraction. This study was designed using the Response Surface Methodology with the Central Composite Design model. The first factor used is the concentration of NaOH which consists of 3 levels (1 N; 1.5N, 2N). The second factor is the extraction time which consists of 3 levels (30, 60, 90 minutes). Nanocalcium extraction was carried out at 60 C with a frequency of 20 kHz and amplitude 100%. The results of the optimization of the nanocalcium extraction process from tuna fish bones were found in the combination treatment with 1.01 N NaOH concentration at 53.46 minutes. Under optimum conditions, nanocalcium has a yield of 82.68%, calcium content of 40.20%, and whiteness of 83.56%. Nanocalcium with optimal treatment was tested for proximate and particle size. Proximate testing produces of 4.11% water content, 92.03% ash content, 3.729% carbohydrate content, 0.087% fat content, 0.044% protein content and obtained a particle size of 193.68 nm. The results obtained have met the standards based on its characterization as a bodycare product fortification. It can be seen that tuna fish bone waste is an opportunity in business development for the production of nanocalcium. However, further research is needed regarding other factors that influence the process of extracting nanocalcium from tuna fish bones in order to obtain a lower water content value.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052310 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Ikan tuna, Nanokalsium, NaOH, Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) Tuna, Nanocalcium, NaOH, Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Industri Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username verry |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Jan 2024 07:51 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Jan 2024 07:51 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/209412 |
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