Luthfi Rosyadi, Naufal and Prof. Ir. Sumeru Ashari,, M.Agr.Sc., Ph.D. (2023) Studi Fotoperiode Terhadap Pembungaan dan Hasil Beberapa Aksesi Stroberi (Fragaria sp.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman stroberi (Fragaria sp.) merupakan tanaman buah yang berasal dari daerah beriklim subtropis. Produksi stroberi di Indonesia pada tahun 2018 sebesar 85.285 ton, kemudian pada tahun 2019 mengalami penurunan menjadi 74.990 ton. Produksi buah stroberi tergantung pada proses pembentukan bunga yang dipengaruhi oleh suhu dan fotoperiode. Pada dasarnya kultivar stroberi secara alami dapat diklasifikasikan dalam tiga macam fotoperiode, yaitu stroberi hari pendek (short day), hari panjang (long day), dan hari netral (neutral day). Perbedaan inisiasi pembungaan pada kultivar stroberi menyebabkan perlunya proses seleksi untuk mengetahui inisiasi pembungaan akibat penyinaran (fotoperiode). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon fotoperiode terhadap pembungaan stroberi serta menyeleksi aksesi stroberi yang potensial dibudidayakan. Hipotesis penelitian ini yaitu setiap aksesi akan memberikan respon yang berbeda terhadap proses pembungaan tanaman stroberi serta terdapat aksesi stroberi yang unggul dan potensial untuk dibudidayakan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September hingga November 2022 di kebun penelitian stroberi milik Balai Standardisasi Instrumen Pertanian yang berlokasi di Jl. Raya Tlekung No. 1, Junrejo, Batu. Penelitian disusun dalam percobaan yang dirancang pada 3 lingkungan fotoperiode, yaitu F1: fotoperiodisitas normal (kontrol), F2: fotoperiodisitas 8 jam (short day), dan F3: fotoperiodisitas 16 jam (long day). Rancangan yang digunakan dalam setiap lingkungan percobaan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan menggunakan perlakuan 7 aksesi stroberi. Setiap plot lingkungan percobaan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Aksesi yang digunakan yaitu ICS04050014, ICS04050036, Knia, ICSP04050014, ICSP04050016, ICS04050004, dan ICS04050003. Variabel vegetatif yang diamati diantaranya jumlah daun, luas daun, kandungan klorofil, jumlah stolon, dan jumlah anakan. Variabel generatif yang diamati diantaranya waktu awal berbunga, jumlah bunga, dan fruitset, dan jumlah buah. Variabel hasil panen yang diamati diantaranya diameter buah, panjang buah, bobot buah, produksi buah, total padatan terlarut, total asam, dan kandungan vitamin C. Pengamatan lingkungan yang diamati adalah suhu, kelembaban, dan intensitas cahaya. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (Uji F) pada taraf 5%. Apabila didapatkan hasil yang berbeda nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) pada taraf 5%. Fotoperiode mempengaruhi panjang fase vegetatif tanaman stroberi sehingga dapat menghambat pembungaan tanaman stroberi. Beberapa aksesi terpengaruh fotoperiode pada variabel vegetatif, generatif, dan hasil panen. Aksesi ICS04050036 (A2), Knia (A3), dan ICSP04050016 (A5) merupakan aksesi yang unggul dan potensial dibudidayakan karena berbunga lebih cepat dan cenderung termasuk kategori fotoperiode netral dalam menginisiasi bunga pertama, namun hanya aksesi ICS04050036 (A2) dan Knia (A3) menghasilkan buah dengan ukuran besar. Aksesi Knia (A3) dan ICSP04050016 (A5) menghasilkan lebih banyak bunga pada lingkungan fotoperiode 8 jam (short day).
English Abstract
Strawberry plant (Fragaria sp.) originating from subtropical climates. Strawberry production in Indonesia in 2018 was 85,285 tons, then in 2019 it decreased to 74,990 tons. Strawberry production depends on the flower formation process which is affected by temperature and photoperiod. Basically, natural strawberry cultivars are classified into three types of photoperiod as short day plant, long day plant, and neutral day plant. Differences in the flowering initiation of strawberry cultivars need a selection process to determine the initiation of flowering due to irradiation (photoperiod). This study aims to study the photoperiod response on strawberry flowering and select strawberry accessions that potential to cultivate. The hypothesis of this study is that each accession will give a different response on the flowering process of strawberry plants and there are superior and potential strawberry accessions for cultivation. The research was carried out from September to November 2022 at the strawberry research field owned by Balai Standardisasi Instrumen Pertanian located on Jl. Raya Tlekung No. 1, Junrejo, Batu. The study was structured in an experiment designed in 3 photoperiod environments, namely F1: normal photoperiod (control), F2: 8 hours (short day) photoperiod, and F3: 16 hours (long day) photoperiod. The experimental design used in this study was a randomized block design (RBD) using 7 strawberry accessions. Each experimental environment plot was repeated 3 times. The accessions used were ICS04050014, ICS04050036, Knia, ICSP04050014, ICSP04050016, ICS04050004, and ICS04050003. The vegetative variables observed are number of leaves, leaf area, chlorophyll content, number of runners, and number of daughter plant. The generative variables observed are first flowering time, number of flowers, fruitset, and number of fruits. Yield variables observed are fruit diameter, fruit height, fruit weight, fruit production, total dissolved solids, total acid, and vitamin C content. The observational data were analyzed using analysis of variance (F test) at the level of 5%. If the results are significantly different, then proceed with the Honest Significant Difference (Tukey) test at the level of 5%. Photoperiod affects the length of the vegetative phase of strawberry plants that can inhibit the flowering of strawberry plants. Some accessions are affected by the photoperiod on vegetative, generative, and yield variable. Accessions ICS04050036 (A2), Knia (A3), and ICSP04050016 (A5) are superior accessions and have potential to be cultivated because they initiate flower faster and tend to the neutral photoperiod category in initiating the first flowers, but only accessions ICS04050036 (A2) and Knia (A3) produce large fruit. Accessions of Knia (A3) and ICSP04050016 (A5) produced more flowers in an 8 hour (short day) photoperiod environment.
Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
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Identification Number: | 052304 |
Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username ismiatun |
Date Deposited: | 12 Jan 2024 01:17 |
Last Modified: | 12 Jan 2024 01:17 |
URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/208700 |
Text (DALAM MASA EMBARGO)
Naufal Luthfi Rosyadi.pdf Restricted to Registered users only until 31 December 2025. Download (4MB) |
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