Fathan, Muhammad and Prof. Ir. Arifin Noor Sugiharto,, M. Sc., Ph.D. (2023) Evaluasi Daya Hasil 26 Genotipe Jagung Pakan (Zea mays L.) Dari Hasil Top Cross. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman jagung merupakan salah satu komoditas yang banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Jagung pakan memiliki potensi yang tinggi untuk dikembangkan karena semakin meningkatnya kebutuhan komoditas jagung di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya upaya peningkatan produksi jagung, salah satunya dapat dilakukan dengan dengan penggunaan varietas hibrida. Dalam proses perakitan varietas hibrida dibutuhkan berbagai rangkaian salah satunya kegiatan evaluasi daya hasil yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi hasil dan stabilitas dari tanaman tersebut. Penilitian ini dilakukan evaluasi daya hasil terhadap 26 galur jagung pakan hasil top cross yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai galur jagung pakan yang berpotensi hasil yang tinggi dan galur jagung pakan yang berpotensi digunakan sebagai induk jagung hibrida. Kegiatan penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2022 hingga Desember 2022 di Kecamatan Junrejo, Kota Batu, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan 26 galur hasil top cross yang masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali sehingga memperoleh 78 satuan percobaan. Pengacakan dilakukan pada masing-masing satuan percobaan atau blok ulangan. Jarak tanam yang digunakan adalah 40 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm. Satu lubang tanam berisi dua benih dengan kedalaman lubang tanam antara 3-5 cm. Untuk pengambilan sampel setiap perlakuan diambil 5 sampel. Karakter tanaman yang diamati berupa diameter batang, tinggi tanaman, tinggi letak tongkol, bobot tongkol, bobot biji per tongkol, bobot 100 biji, bobot janggel, jumlah baris biji, panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol, tip filling, umur anthesis, umur silking, nilai rendemen, dan potensi hasil. Karakter pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan analisis ragam uji F pada taraf 5%. Hasil analisis ragam yang nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji berganda duncan (DMRT). Sedangkan karakter kualitatif berupa warna anther, warna silk, warna glume, warna batang, dan warna kelobot yang dianalisis menggunakan cara skoring dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Selain itu, dilakukan perhitungan KKG, KKF, dan haritabilitas pada setiap karakter tanaman yang diamati. Hasil dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukan pada karakter kualitatif memiliki tingkat skor persentase keseragaman yang berbeda-beda. Pada karakter kuantitatif menunjukan perbedaan yang nyata pada setiap karakter tanaman yang diuji. Berdasarkan jumlah skor potensi penampilan, terdapat 13 galur yang memiliki potensi nilai penampilan tinggi diatas rata-rata seluruh galur, yaitu JPK-18, JPK-4, JPK-5, JPK-2, JPK-7, JPK-22, JPK-25, JPK-1, JPK-6 JPK- 24, JPK-10, JPK-21, dan JPK-14. Selain itu, didapatkan bahwa nilai KKG dan KKF pada 12 karakter kuantitatif termasuk dalam kategori rendah, serta nilai heritabilitas yang termasuk dalam kategori rendah hingga tinggi.
English Abstract
Corn is a commodity that is widely used by Indonesian people. Forage corn has a high potential to be developed due to the increasing demand for corn commodities in Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to increase corn production, one of which can be done by using hybrid varieties. In the process of assembling hybrid varieties, various series are needed, one of which is the yield evaluation activity which aims to determine the yield potential and stability of these plants. In this research, the yield evaluation was carried out on 26 top cross forage maize lines with the aim of obtaining information on forage maize lines with high yield potential and forage maize lines which could potentially be used as hybrid corn broodstock. Research activities carried out from September 2022 to December 2022 in Junrejo District, Batu City, East Java Province. By using 26 lines of top cross results, each treatment was repeated three times to obtain 78 experimental units. Randomization was carried out in each experimental unit or block of replicates. In this research the spacing used is 40 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm. One planting hole contains two seeds with a planting hole depth of between 3-5 cm. For sampling for each treatment, 5 samples were taken. The observed plant characters were stem diameter, plant height, cob height, cob weight, seed weight per ear, 100 seed weight, cob weight, number of seed rows, cob length, cob diameter, tip filling, anthesis age, silking age, value yield, and yield potential. Observational characters were analyzed using a randomized block design (RAK) with analysis of variance F test at 5% level. The results of the analysis of significant variance were followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test. While the qualitative characters in the form of anther color, silk color, glume color, stem color, and husk color were analyzed using scoring method and presented in tabular form. In addition, KKG, FCF, and haritability calculations were carried out for each observed plant character. The results of the research that has been done show that qualitative characters have different levels of uniformity percentage scores. The quantitative characters show significant differences in each plant character tested. Based on the total performance potential scores, there are 13 strains that have high potential performance values above the average of all strains, namely JPK-18, JPK-4, JPK- 5, JPK-2, JPK-7, JPK-22, JPK-25, JPK-1, JPK-6 JPK-24, JPK-10, JPK-21, and JPK-14. In addition, it was found that the KKG and KKF values for 12 quantitative characters were included in the low category, and the heritability values were included in the low to high category.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052304 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username ismiatun |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Jan 2024 07:14 |
| Last Modified: | 10 Jan 2024 07:14 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/207492 |
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