PEMURNIAN GENETIK ENAM VARIETAS KACANG PANJANG (Vigna sesquipedalis L. Fruwirth) UNGU BERDASARKAN KARAKTER MORFOLOGI

AFIFAH, SITI NUR and Prof. Dr. Ir. Kuswanto, M.P and Dr. Darmawan Saptadi, M.P (2023) PEMURNIAN GENETIK ENAM VARIETAS KACANG PANJANG (Vigna sesquipedalis L. Fruwirth) UNGU BERDASARKAN KARAKTER MORFOLOGI. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Kacang panjang merupakan salah satu komoditas sayur yang cukup populer di masyarakat. Kacang panjang yang umumnya dikonsumsi masyarakat adalah kacang panjang hijau. Melalui pemuliaan tanaman telah berhasil dikembangkan jenis baru kacang panjang, yaitu kacang panjang dengan polong berwarna ungu. Pada tahun 2014 varietas kacang panjang ungu yang telah dikembangkan serta didaftarkan di Pusat Perlindungan Varietas Tanaman dan Perizinan Pertanian (PPVTPP) dan termasuk koleksi di Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman Universitas Brawijaya. Penelitian pada tahun 2021 menyebutkan adanya penampilan karakter kualitatif yang berbeda-beda dalam varietas yang sama. Hal ini mengindikasikan adanya keragaman dalam beberapa varietas kacang panjang ungu, sehingga diperlukan uji kemurnian genetik. Uji kemurnian genetik diperlukan untuk memperbarui mutu benih. Benih yang memiliki tingkat kemurnian tinggi akan menghasilkan individu yang seragam serta mengurangi off type (tipe simpang). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan benih kacang panjang ungu dari individu yang sesuai deskripsi varietas berdasarkan karakter morfologi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan percobaan Agrotechnopark Universitas Brawijaya pada Mei-Agustus 2022. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan petak tunggal tanpa ulangan. Terdapat 6 varietas kacang panjang ungu yang digunakan, yaitu Varietas Brawijaya Ungu 1 (BU 1), Brawijaya Ungu 2 (BU 2), Brawijaya Ungu 3 (BU 3), Brawijaya Ungu 4 (BU 4), Brawijaya Ungu 5 (BU 5), dan Brawijaya Ungu 6 (BU 6). Setiap varietas ditanam dalam 2 bedeng tanpa ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 50 tanaman pada masing-masing varietas. Pengamatan dilakukan berdasarkan karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Karakter Kualitatif yang diamati meliputi warna daun, bentuk daun, warna batang, warna kelopak bunga, warna standar bunga, warna polong, tekstur polong, warna utama biji, tekstur permukaan biji. Pengamatan karakter kuantitatif meliputi umur berbunga (hst), jumlah bunga pertanaman, jumlah polong, panjang polong, rata- jumlah biji per polong, dan bobot 100 biji. Data kualitatif ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel deskripsi dan gambar berdasarkan descriptor kacang panjang dari PPVT Kacang Panjang tahun 2006. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan rumus koefisien keragaman. Hasil penelitian pemurnian enam varietas kacang panjang ungu berdasarkan karakter kualitatif terdapat perbedaan dengan deskripsi varietas dan adanya variasi, yaitu pada karakter warna polong dan warna kelopak bunga pada semua varietas. Warna hijau pada karakter kelopak bunga menghasilkan warna i hijau pada karakter warna polong, sehingga dianggap tipe simpang dan diseleksi untuk tidak digunakan benih pada penanaman selanjutnya. Hasil penelitian pemurnian enam varietas kacang panjang ungu berdasarkan karakter kuantitatif menunjukkan koefisien keragaman rendah (<25) hingga agak rendah (25- 50). Karakter yang memiliki koefisien keragaman rendah yaitu umur berbunga, panjang polong, jumlah biji per polong, dan berat 100 biji. Karakter yang memiliki koefisien keragaman agak rendah yaitu jumlah bunga dan jumlah polong. ii

English Abstract

Yardlong bean are one of the vegetable commodities that are quite popular in the community. Yardlong bean that are generally consumed by the community are green yardlong bean. Through plant breeding, a new type of yardlong bean has been successfully developed, namely yardlong beans with purple pods. In 2014 the purple yardlong bean variety that has been developed was registered at the Center for Plant Variety Protection and Agricultural Licensing and is included in the collection at the Plant Breeding Laboratory of Brawijaya University. Research in 2021 mentions the appearance of different qualitative characters in the same variety. This indicates that there is variations in several varieties of purple yardlong beans, so genetic purity tests are needed. Genetic purity test is needed to update seed quality. Seeds that have a high level of purity will produce uniform individuals and reduce off type. This study aims to obtain purple yardlong bean seeds from individuals according to the description based on morphological characters. The research was carried out in the experimental field of Agrotechnopark Brawijaya University in May-August 2022. The study was conducted using a single plot without replication. There are 6 varieties of purple yardlong bean used, namely Brawijaya Ungu 1 (BU 1), Brawijaya Ungu 2 (BU 2), Brawijaya Ungu 3 (BU 3), Brawijaya Ungu 4 (BU 4), Brawijaya Ungu 5 (BU 5) , and Brawijaya Ungu 6 (BU 6). Each variety was planted in 2 beds without replication. Observations were made on 50 plants in each variety. Observations were made based on qualitative and quantitative characters. Qualitative characters observed included leaf color, leaf shape, stem color, flower petal color, standard flower color, pod color, pod texture, main color of seeds, and seed surface texture. Meanwhile, the quantitative character observations included flowering age (DAP), the number of flowers, the number of pods, the length of pod, the number of seeds per pod, and the weight of 100 seeds. Qualitative data is presented in the form of table descriptions and pictures based on descriptor of yardlong bean from PPVT Yardlong Beans 2006. Quantitative data were analyzed using the coefficient of variation formula. The results of purity of six varieties of purple yardlong bean based on qualitative characters, there were differences with the description of varieties and variations, namely in the character flower petal color and pod color on all varieties. The green color of the flower petals produces a green color on the color of the pods, so it is considered an intersection type and is selected not to be used for seeds in the next planting. The results of purity of six varieties of purple yardlong bean based on quantitative characters show that the coefficient of iii variance is low (<25%) to rather low (25%-50%). Characters that had a low coefficient of variance were flowering age, pod length, number of seeds per pod, and weight of 100 seeds. Characters that have a rather low coefficient of variance are the number of flowers and the number of pods

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	052304
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian
Depositing User:	Annisti Nurul F
Date Deposited:	10 Jan 2024 04:28
Last Modified:	10 Jan 2024 04:28
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/207298

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