Peningkatan Efisiensi Mikroenkapsulasi Ekstrak Bunga Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Menggunakan Metode Spray Drying dengan Penyalut Maltodekstrin dan Gum Arab

Indraningtyas, Adisty Ailsa and Mokhamad Nur, STP., M.Sc, Ph.D (2023) Peningkatan Efisiensi Mikroenkapsulasi Ekstrak Bunga Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Menggunakan Metode Spray Drying dengan Penyalut Maltodekstrin dan Gum Arab. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Bunga rosella banyak digunakan sebagai pewarna alami karena mengandung pigmen antosianin. Antosianin dapat menghasilkan warna merah, biru, dan ungu saat diaplikasikan pada produk pangan. Bunga rosella biasanya diekstrak menjadi bentuk cairan atau serbuk sebelum diolah lebih lanjut. Ekstraksi rosella dapat dilakukan dengan metode maserasi kemudian dikeringkan dengan spray dryer hingga diperoleh bubuk ekstrak rosella. Namun, pada beberapa penelitian ditemukan efisiensi enkapsulasi ekstrak rosella masih cukup rendah. Sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya peningkatan efisiensi enkapsulasi, salah satunya dengan mengkombinasikan 2 jenis bahan penyalut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi enkapsulasi dan kualitas mikrokapsul ekstrak bunga rosella. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah RAKF (Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial) yang terdiri dari 2 faktor yaitu jenis bahan penyalut (maltodekstrin, maltodekstrin-gum arab, dan gum arab) dan rasio bahan inti:bahan penyalut (1:3 dan 2:1). Perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga diperoleh 18 satuan percobaan. Analisis mikrokapsul ekstrak rosella meliputi pengujian total antosianin, efisiensi enkapsulasi, aktivitas antioksidan, kadar air, kelarutan, rendemen, dan warna (L*, a*, b*). Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) dengan selang kepercayaan 95% pada software minitab 19. Jika terdapat interaksi antara 2 faktor maka dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Tukey dengan selang kepercayaan 95%. Perlakuan terbaik ditentukan dengan metode Multiple Attribute Zeleny. Perlakuan jenis bahan penyalut berpengaruh nyata terhadap total antosianin, efisiensi enkapsulasi, aktivitas antioksidan, kadar air, rendemen, kecerahan (L*), kemerahan (a*), dan kekuningan (b*). Perlakuan rasio bahan inti:bahan penyalut berpengaruh nyata terhadap total antosianin, efisiensi enkapsulasi, aktivitas antioksidan, kadar air, rendemen, kecerahan (L*), dan kemerahan (a*). Interaksi antara jenis bahan penyalut dan rasio bahan inti:bahan penyalut berpengaruh nyata terhadap total antosianin, efisiensi enkapsulasi, aktivitas antioksidan, rendemen, kemerahan (a*), dan kekuningan (b*). Mikrokapsul ekstrak rosella terbaik diperoleh dari perlakuan jenis penyalut kombinasi maltodekstrin dan gum arab dengan rasio bahan inti:bahan penyalut 2:1, yang memiliki total antosianin 30,92 mg/L, efisiensi enkapsulasi 86,32%, aktivitas antioksidan 109,39 ppm, kadar air 3,94%, rendemen 20,38%, kelarutan mikrokapsul 94,33%, kecerahan (L*) 82,40, kemerahan (a*) 7,74, dan kekuningan (b*) 10,18.

English Abstract

Rosella flowers are widely used as natural dyes because they contain anthocyanin pigments. Anthocyanins can produce red, blue, and purple when applied to food products. Rosella flowers are usually extracted into liquid or powder form before further processing. Rosella extraction can be carried out using the maceration method and then dried with spray dryer to get rosella extract powder. However, in several studies it was found that the encapsulation efficiency of rosella extract was still quite low. So it is necessary to increase encapsulation efficiency, one of which is by combining 2 types of coating materials. This research aims to improve the encapsulation efficiency and quality of rosella flower extract microcapsules. The experimental design used in this study was RAKF (Factorial Randomized Block Design) which consisted of 2 factors, namely the type of coating material (maltodextrin, maltodextrin-gum arabic, and gum arabic) and the ratio of core material:coating material (1:3 and 2:1). The factors was repeated 3 times to obtain 18 experimental units. Analysis of rosella extract microcapsules included total anthocyanin, encapsulation efficiency, antioxidant activity, water content, powder solubility, yield, and colour (L*, a*, b*). Data were analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) with 95% confidence interval on Minitab 19 software. If there is an interaction between 2 factors, then proceed with the Tukey test with a 95% confidence interval. The best treatment was determined by the Multiple Attribute Zeleny method. The type of coating material treatment significantly affected the total anthocyanin, encapsulation efficiency, antioxidant activity, water content, yield, brightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*). The treatment of the ratio of core material: coating material significantly affected the total anthocyanin, encapsulation efficiency, antioxidant activity, water content, yield, brightness (L*), and redness (a*). The interaction between the type of coating material and the ratio of core material:coating material significantly affected the total anthocyanin, encapsulation efficiency, antioxidant activity, yield, redness (a*), and yellowness (b*).The best rosella extract microcapsules were obtained from the combination of maltodextrin and gum arabic with a core material:coating material ratio of 2:1, which had a total anthocyanin of 30.92 mg/L, encapsulation efficiency of 86.32%, antioxidant activity of 109.39 ppm, water content of 3.94%, yield 20.38%, microcapsule solubility 94.33%, brightness (L*) 82.40, redness (a*) 7.74, and yellowness (b*) 10.18.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	052310
Uncontrolled Keywords:	bahan penyalut, efisiensi enkapsulasi, ekstrak rosella, spray drying-coating material, encapsulation efficiency, rosella extract, spray drying
Divisions:	Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Depositing User:	Unnamed user with email y13w@ub.ac.id
Date Deposited:	09 Jan 2024 07:36
Last Modified:	09 Jan 2024 07:36
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/206630

Text (DALAM MASA EMBARGO) Adisty Ailsa Indraningtyas.pdf Restricted to Registered users only until 31 December 2025. Download (3MB)

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