Qotrun Nada, Silvia and Prof. Dr. Ir. Sri Rahayu Utami, M.Sc and Dr. Reni Ustiatik, S.P., M.P. (2023) Potensi Peningkatan Ketersediaan Kalsium dan Magnesium pada Tanah Tertimbun Material Piroklastik Gunung Semeru. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Gunung Semeru mengalami erupsi pada 4 Desember 2021 dengan mengeluarkan awan panas dan material piroklastik berupa abu vulkanik yang berdampak terhadap kerusakan lahan. Abu vulkanik menutupi permukaan tanah dengan ketebalan abu yang berbeda-beda. Erupsi gunung berapi juga berdampak positif yaitu abu vulkanik berpotensi meningkatkan kesuburan tanah. Timbunan abu vulkanik dapat mempengaruhi sifat tanah terutama sifat kimia. Abu vulkanik tersusun atas mineral mudah lapuk yang mengandung kation (Ca dan Mg) yang penting bagi tanah dan tanaman. Abu vulkanik mengalami pelapukan kimiawi dan bercampur dengan tanah yang menghasilkan kation (Ca dan Mg). Oleh sebab itu, abu vulkanik dan tanah di bawahnya perlu dilakukan analisis ketersediaan Ca dan Mg. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh abu vulkanik terhadap potensi peningkatan ketersediaan Ca dan Mg pada tanah di bawahnya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2022 hingga Februari 2023 di lahan terdampak erupsi Gunung Semeru, Desa Supiturang, Kecamatan Pronojiwo. Penelitian dilanjutkan di Laboratorium Kimia Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei deskriptif eksploratif berdasarkan perbedaan jarak dari pusat letusan (6,5 km, 8 km, 9,5 km) dan ketebalan lapisan abu vulkanik (5-15 cm (tipis) dan 20-30 cm (tebal)). Tahapan penelitian meliputi observasi lapangan, penentuan titik sampel, pengambilan sampel di lapangan, pengeringan dan pengayakan sampel, serta analisis laboratorium. Parameter yang diamati yaitu pH H2O, Ca-dd, Mg-dd, dan C-Organik pada sampel abu vulkanik dan tanah. Analisis data menggunakan Genstat meliputi uji ANOVA taraf 5%, jika data berpengaruh nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut BNJ taraf 5% serta uji korelasi dan uji regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lapisan abu vulkanik pada jarak terdekat dari pusat letusan memiliki lapisan lebih tebal daripada jarak terjauh dari pusat letusan. Perbedaan jarak dari pusat letusan dan ketebalan lapisan abu vulkanik berpengaruh nyata terhadap kandungan Ca-dd tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kandungan Mg-dd pada tanah tertimbun. Abu vulkanik dapat meningkatkan kandungan Ca-dd pada tanah tertimbun dibandingkan dengan tanah tidak tertimbun abu vulkanik Gunung Semeru. Kandungan Ca-dd pada tanah tertimbun tertinggi pada titik J1T1 sebesar 6,18 me/100 g, sedangkan kandungan Ca-dd pada tanah tidak tertimbun pada titik J3T0 sebesar 4,75 me/100 g. Lapisan abu vulkanik tipis dapat meningkatkan kandungan Ca-dd dan Mg-dd pada tanah tertimbun dibandingkan dengan lapisan abu vulkanik tebal.
English Abstract
Mount Semeru erupted on December 4, 2021, by emitting hot clouds and pyroclastic material, namely volcanic ash, which affected land damage. Volcanic ash covers the soil surface with different ash thicknesses. Volcanic eruptions also have a positive impact, as volcanic ash has the potential to improve soil fertility. Volcanic ash can affect soil properties, especially chemical properties. Volcanic ash consists of easily weathered minerals and contains cations (Ca and Mg) that are important for soil and plants. Volcanic ash can undergo chemical weathering and mix with soil to produce cations (Ca and Mg). Therefore, volcanic ash and the soil buried beneath it need to be analyzed for Ca and Mg availability. This study aims to determine the effect of volcanic ash on the potential to increase the availability of Ca and Mg in the underlying soil. The research was conducted from August 2022 to February 2023 on land affected by the eruption of Mount Semeru, Supiturang Village, Pronojiwo District. The research was continued at the Soil Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University. This research used descriptive exploratory survey method based on differences in distance from the eruption center (6.5 km, 8 km, 9.5 km) and thickness of volcanic ash layer (5-15 cm (thin) and 20-30 cm (thick)). The research stages included field observation, determination of sample points, field sampling, sample drying and sieving, and laboratory analysis. Parameters observed were pH H2O, Ca-ex, Mg-ex, and C-Organic in volcanic ash and soil samples. Data analysis using Genstat includes ANOVA test at the 5% level, if the data has a significant effect, it is continued with the BNJ further test at the 5% level as well as correlation and regression tests. The results showed that the volcanic ash layer at the closest distance from the eruption center had a thicker layer than the farthest distance from the eruption center. The difference in distance from the eruption center and the thickness of the volcanic ash layer significantly influenced the Ca-ex content but did not significantly influence the Mg-ex content of the buried soil. Volcanic ash can increase the Ca-ex content of buried soil compared to the soil not buried by the volcanic ash of Mount Semeru. The highest Ca-ex content in the buried soil was at point J1T1 of 6.18 me/100 g, while the Ca-ex content in the unburied soil was at point J3T0 of 4.75 me/100 g. A thin layer of volcanic ash can increase the Ca-ex and Mg-ex content of buried soil compared to a thick layer of volcanic ash.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052304 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Annisti Nurul F |
| Date Deposited: | 09 Jan 2024 07:47 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Jan 2024 08:06 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/206572 |
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