Yuliawati, Resti Fitriani and dr. Tri Wahju Astuti, M.Kes., Sp.P(K) and Dr. dr. Yani Jane Sugiri, Sp.P (K) (2022) Cytokines Storm score (CSs) pada pasien COVID-19 perokok dan bukan perokok. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Pendahuluan: Setelah hampir 3 tahun sejak pandemi COVID-19 dimulai, eskalasinya masih menyebabkan masalah kesehatan masyarakat global yang kritis. Badai sitokin merupakan komplikasi berat COVID-19, dengan merokok sebagai faktor risiko yang yang dapat menyebabkan kematian. Prevalensi merokok di Indonesia sangat tinggi, namun masih sedikit penelitian mengenai risiko merokok terhadap kejadian badai sitokin. Cytokines Storm score (CSs) adalah metode cepat dan mudah yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi badai sitokin secara dini menggunakan parameter D-dimer, Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Ferritin, dan C-reactive protein (CRP). Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan Cytokines Storm score (CSs (+)), kadar D-dimer, LDH, Ferritin, dan CRP pada pasien COVID-19 perokok dan bukan perokok. Metode: Studi analisis retrospektif pada 120 pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19 yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok (60 perokok dan 60 bukan perokok), laki-laki, tanpa komorbid. Data dianalisis menggunakan one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov (uji beda), Chi-square (skala katagorik) dan Mann-Whitney (skala numerik). Limfopenia dipilih sebagai kriteria utama pertama untuk CSs. CSs dianggap positif jika setidaknya dua dari kadar D-dimer (>1000 ng/mL), LDH (>300 IU/L) atau feritin (>500 ng/mL) meningkat. Jika peningkatan hanya satu dari kadar tersebut, maka diukur kadar CRP. CRP >10 mg/dL, limfopenia, dan gangguan D-Dimer, LDH atau feritin akan menghasilkan CSs positif. Hasil: CSs secara bermakna lebih tinggi pada perokok dibandingkan bukan perokok (54,5% vs 45,5%, p=0,024). Median kadar D-dimer dan CRP secara bermakna lebih tinggi pada perokok dibandingkan bukan perokok (1620 ng/mL vs 1002,5 ng/mL, p=0,001 dan 13,8 mg/dL vs 7,75 mg/dL, p=0,001). Median kadar LDH lebih rendah dan Feritin lebih tinggi pada perokok dibandingkan bukan perokok namun tidak bermakna (405,5 IU/L vs 418 IU/L, p=0,160 dan 886,65 ng/mL vs 790,5 ng/mL p=0,203). Kesimpulan: CSs (+) meningkat, kadar D-dimer dan CRP lebih tinggi pada pasien COVID-19 perokok dibandingkan dengan bukan perokok.
English Abstract
Introduction: After nearly 3 years since the COVID-19 pandemic began, its escalation is still causing a critical global public health problem. Cytokines storm is a severe complication of COVID-19, with smoking as a potential risk factor for death. The prevalence of smoking in Indonesia is very high, but there are few studies of the risk of smoking on the incidence of cytokines storm. Cytokines Storm score (CSs) is a quick and easy method used to identify cytokine storms early using D-dimer, Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) parameters. Purpose: This study aims to compare Cytokines Storm score (CSs (+)), levels of D-dimer, LDH, Ferritin, and CRP in smoker and non-smoker COVID-19 patients Method: Retrospective analysis study on 120 confirmed COVID-19 patients divided unto 2 groups (60 smokers and non-smokers), male, with no comorbidities. The data were analyzed using one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov (normality sample), chi-square (categoric scale) and Mann-Whitney tests (numeric scale). Lymphopenia was chosen as the first main criterion for CSs. The CSs was positive if at least two of the levels of D-dimer (>1000 ng/mL), LDH (>300 IU/L) or Ferritin (>500 ng/mL) were increased. If the increase is only one of these levels, then the CRP level is measured. A CRP >10 mg/dL, lymphopenia, and derangement of D-Dimer, LDH or ferritin would result in positive CSs. Result: CSs positivity is significantly higher in smokers compared to non-smokers (54.5% vs 45.5%, p=0,024). Median D-dimer and CRP levels are significantly higher in smokers compared to non-smokers (1620 ng/mL vs 1002.5 ng/mL, p=0,001 dan 13.8 mg/dL vs 7.75 mg/dL, p=0,001). Median lower LDH and higher ferritin levels in smokers than non-smokers, but not significant (405.5 IU/L vs 418 IU/L, p=0.160 and 886.65 ng/mL vs 790.5 ng/mL, p=0.203). Conclusion: CSs positivity, D-dimer and CRP levels were higher in smokers compared to non-smokers in COVID-19 patients.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0423060096 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | COVID-19, Badai sitokin, Perokok, Cytokines Storm score |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 616 Diseases > 616.2 Diseases of respiratory system > 616.24 Diseases of Lungs / Lungs--Diseases |
| Divisions: | Profesi Kedokteran > Spesialis Pulmonologi dan Kedokteran Respirasi, Fakultas Kedokteran |
| Depositing User: | Endang Susworini |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Dec 2023 08:19 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Dec 2023 08:19 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/205192 |
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