Analisis Morfometrik dan Aspek Parameter Biologi Ikan Layang Biru (Decapterus macarellus) di Perairan Selatan Jawa Timur

Jannah, Alfi Nur Khoirul and Dr.Ir. Tri Djoko Lelono, M.Si and Arief Setyanto, S.Pi, M.App.Sc (2023) Analisis Morfometrik dan Aspek Parameter Biologi Ikan Layang Biru (Decapterus macarellus) di Perairan Selatan Jawa Timur. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

WPP-NRI 573 mencakup perairan Samudra Hindia di sebelah selatan Jawa hingga sebelah selatan Nusa Tenggara, Laut Sawu, dan Laut Timor bagian barat. Sebagian besar penduduk di sepanjang garis WPP-NRI 573 adalah nelayan. Hasil tangkapan yang biasanya didapat ikan pelagis besar maupun kecil. Jenis ikan pelagis kecil yang banyak tertangkap di PPN Prigi dan PPP Pondokdadap adalah Ikan layang (Decapterus spp). Data statistik hasil tangkapan Ikan Layang (Decapterus spp) di PPN Prigi pada tahun 2020 bulan Januari-April sebesar 93.520 ton sedangkan di PPP Pondokdadap sebesar 54.31 ton. Ada lima spesies ikan layang yang sering ditemukan di perairan Indonesia yaitu layang biru (Decapterus macarellus), layang benggol (Decapterus russelli), layang deles (Decapterus macrosoma), layang anggur (Decapterus kurroides), dan layang lajeng (Decapterus maruadsi). Tingginya kebutuhan ikan layang secara terus-menerus mengakibatkan nelayan memperbesar upaya penangkapan yang dapat mempengaruhi penurunan stok ikan. Stok perikanan harus dilakukan pengendalian untuk mempertahankan status eksploitasi sumberdaya perikanan di wilayah persebaran perairan selatan. Status ekspoitasi suatu spesies dapat diketahui melalui metode Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR). Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode SPR dengan mempertimbangkan kemudahan dalam pengumpulan dan pengelolaan data. Masih sedikitnya informasi terhadap Ikan Layang Biru di wilayah PPN Prigi dan PPP Pondokdadap memunculkan permasalahan apabila eksploitasi tidak terkontrol untuk keberlanjutan stok ikan maka populasi stok terancam kelestariannya. Sehingga, perlu adanya upaya pengontrolan dalam usaha penangkapan ikan agar tidak berdampak buruk bagi status eksploitasi dan keberlanjutan sumberdaya di suatu perairan. Penelitian dilakukan dilakukan di PPN Prigi dan PPP Pondokdadap, Jawa Timur pada bulan Januari-April 2023. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakter morfometri dan mengetahui aspek biologi Ikan Layang Biru (D.macarellus) berupa hubungan panjang berat, nisbah kelamin, TKG, Lc, Lm, mortalitas dan SPR. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Data yang diambil adalah TL,SL, FL,PDL,DFB1,DFB2,UPCL,LPF,PVL,PAL,AFB,HL,OL,PrOL,POL,MBD (dengan satuan cm),Berat (dalam gram),dan gonad. Untuk mengetahui mengetahui persamaan ciri-ciri ikan, uji student atau uji T dan Principal Component Analysis (PCA) yaitu analisis faktor untuk mengidentifikasi stok ikan berdasarkan karakteristik morfometri ikan di masing- masing perairan. Pada analisis hubungan panjang berat menentukan persamaan eksponensial dilanjutkan uji T untuk memastikan hubungan antar parameter (nilai b) untuk mengetahui bentuk pola pertumbuhan. Analisis Lc dilakukan untuk mencari proporsi 50% panjang ikan yang tertangkap pertama kali disajikan secara deskriptif dalam grafik. Pendugaan TKG dan nisbah kelamin dilakukan dengan membedah untuk melihat bentuk, warna, dan ukuran serta hasilnya akan disajikan kedalam bentuk grafik. Analisis pendugaan Lm dilakukan untuk menghitung proporsi 50% Panjang ikan betina pada TKG 3-4 dan disajikan secara deskriptif dalam grafik. SPR membutuhkan Loo dan K menggunakan metode ELEFAN I yang terdapat dalam aplikasi FISAT II, Lm50, Lm95, Mortalitas diolah menggunakan Microsoft Excel dimasukkan kedalam website http://barefootecologist.com.au/lbspr. Truss morfometri ikan layang (D.macarellus) yang digunakan dalam PCA ada 15 yaitu TL_SL, FL_SL, PDL_SL, DFB1_SL, MBD_SL, DFB2_SL, UPCL_SL, LPF_SL, PVL_SL, PAL_SL, AFB_SL, OL _HL,TK_HL PrOL_HL dan POL_HL. Dari nilai kumulatif varian didapatkan bahwa ikan layang biru (D.macarellus) yang berada di PPN Prigi dan PPP Pondokdadap memiliki nilai persentase perbedaan karakter sebesar 29,451 % dan persentase persamaan karakter sebesar 70,549%.Hasil dari persentase tersebut menjelaskan bahwa Ikan Layang Biru (D.macarellus) yang berada di PPN Prigi dan PPP Pondokdadap dianggap sebagai satu sub stok. Sebaran ukuran panjang ikan Layang Biru di PPN Prigi 16-45 cm dengan panjang rata-rata sebesar 28 cm sedangkan di PPP Pondokdadap memiliki distribusi frekuensi panjang antara 20-31 cm dengan panjang rata-rata sebesar 24 cm. Analisis hubungan panjang dan berat ikan didapatkan pola pertumbuhan bersifat allometrik negatif. Nisbah kelamin antara jantan dan betina 1:1,65 dengan jumlah ikan jantan 34 ekor (38%) dan ikan betina berjumlah 56 ekor (62%). Gonad betina banyak ditemukan berada di TKG III (48%) sedangkan gonad jantan banyak ditemukan di TKG I (41%). Penelitian LB-SPR menunjukkan status ikan Layang Biru yang didaratkan di PPP Pondokdadap SPR 24% dalam kondisi tereksploitasi penuh dan Ikan Layang Biru yang didaratkan di Prigi SPR 42% dalam kondisi belum ter eksploitasi. Hal ini terlihat dari hasil laju eksploitasi (E Prigi = 0,64 dan E Pondokdadap = 0,53) yang lebih tinggi dari nilai optimum (0,5). Selain itu, nilai mortalitas penangkapan (F = 2.11 dan F = 6.25) yang lebih tinggi daripada mortalitas alami (M = 1.17 dan M = 5.32).Dampak lain dari tingginya nilai mortalitas penangkapan adalah Lc (Lc Prigi = 28,94, Lc Pondokdadap = 25,5) <Lm (Lm Prigi = 30.02, Lm Pondokdadap = 25).

English Abstract

WPP-NRI 573 covers the waters of the Indian Ocean south of Java to the south of Nusa Tenggara, the Sawu Sea and the western part of the Timor Sea. Most of the residents along the WPP-NRI 573 line are fishermen. The catch is usually obtained by large and small pelagic fish. The most common type of small pelagic fish caught at PPN Prigi and PPP Pondokdadap is macarel scad (Decapterus spp). Statistical data for the catch of mackerel scad (Decapterus spp) at Prigi PPN in 2020 from January to April was 93,520 tons while at PPP Pondokdadap it was 54.31 tons. There are five species of flying fish that are often found in Indonesian waters, namely the mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus), benggol fly (Decapterus russelli), deles fly (Decapterus macrosoma), wine fly (Decapterus kurroides), and single fly (Decapterus maruadsi). The high need for mackerel scad continuously causes fishermen to increase fishing effort which can affect the decline in fish stocks. Fishery stocks must be controlled to maintain the exploitation status of fishery resources in the southern waters distribution area. The exploitation status of a species can be determined through the Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR) method. In this study using the SPR method by considering the ease of collecting and managing data. There is still little information on mackerel scad in the PPN Prigi and PPP Pondokdadap areas, which raises the problem that if exploitation is not controlled for the sustainability of fish stocks, the stock population will be endangered. Thus, it is necessary to control efforts in fishing efforts so as not to have a negative impact on the exploitation status and sustainability of resources in a waters. The research was conducted at PPN Prigi and PPP Pondokdadap, East Java in January-April 2023. This reserch porpose to determine the morphometric characters and determine the biological aspects of mackerel scad (D.macarellus) in the form of length- weight relationships, sex ratio, TKG, Lc, Lm, mortality and SPR. This research uses quantitative descriptive analysis method. The data taken are TL, SL, FL, PDL, DFB1, DFB2, UPCL, LPF, PVL, PAL, AFB, HL, OL, PrOL, POL, MBD (with units of cm), weight (in grams), and gonads. To determine the equation of fish characteristics, student test or T test and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a factor analysis to identify fish stocks based on morphometric characteristics of fish in each water body. In the analysis of length-weight relationship, the exponential equation followed by T test to ensure the relationship between parameters (b value) to determine the shape of the growth pattern. Lc analysis was conducted to find the proportion of 50% of the length of fish caught for the first time presented descriptively in the graph. Estimation of TKG and sex ratio is done by dissecting to see the shape, color, and size and the results will be presented in the form of a graph. Lm estimation analysis is done to calculate the proportion of 50% female fish length at TKG 3-4 and presented descriptively in the graph. SPR requires Loo and K using the ELEFAN I method contained in the FISAT II application, Lm50, Lm95, Mortality is processed using Microsoft Excel entered into the website http://barefootecologist.com.au/lbspr. There are 15 morphometric truss of mackerel scad (D.macarellus) used in PCA, namely TL_SL, FL_SL, PDL_SL, DFB1_SL, MBD_SL, DFB2_SL, UPCL_SL, LPF_SL,PVL_SL, PAL_SL, AFB_SL, OL_HL, TK_HL PrOL_HL and POL_HL. From the cumulative value of variance, it is found that mackerel scad (D.macarellus) in PPN Prigi and PPP Pondokdadap has a percentage value of character differences of 29.451% and a percentage of character similarities of 70.549%. The results of these percentages explain that mackerel scad (D. macarellus) in PPN Prigi and PPP Pondokdadap are considered as one stock population. The length distribution of macarel scad in PPN Prigi is 16-45 cm with an average length of 28 cm in PPP Pondokdadap has a frequency distribution of length between 20- 31 cm with an average length of 24 cm. Analysis of the relationship between length and weight of fish obtained a negative allometric growth pattern. The sex ratio between males and females was 1:1.65 with 34 male fish (38%) and 56 female fish (62%). Many female gonads were found in TKG III (48%) while many male gonads were found in TKG I (41%). LB-SPR research shows the status of macarel scad landed at PPP Pondokdadap SPR 24% in fully exploited condition and macarel scad landed at Prigi SPR 42% in unexploited condition. This can be seen from the results of the exploitation rate (E Prigi = 0.64 and E Pondokdadap = 0.53) which is higher than the optimum value (0.5). In addition, the capture mortality value (F = 2.11 and F = 6.25) is higher than the natural mortality (M = 1.17 and M = 5.32). Another impact of the high capture mortality value is Lc (Lc Prigi = 28.94, Lc Pondokdadap = 25.5) < Lm (Lm Prigi = 30.02, Lm Pondokdadap = 25).

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0523080281
Subjects:	300 Social sciences > 333 Economics of land and energy > 333.9 Other natural resources > 333.95 Biological resources > 333.956 Fishes
Divisions:	Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan > Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Perikanan dan Kelautan
Depositing User:	soegeng sugeng
Date Deposited:	17 Nov 2023 06:26
Last Modified:	17 Nov 2023 06:26
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/204569

Text (DALAM MASA EMBARGO) Alfi Nur Khoirul Jannah.pdf Restricted to Registered users only until 31 December 2025. Download (3MB)

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