Pengaruh Perbedaan Manajemen Pemangkasan dan Pemupukan terhadap Aktivitas Mikroba Tanah pada Agroforestri Kopi

Azizah, Futihatu Rizkiani and Prof. Cahyo Prayogo,, SP., MP., Ph.D. and Syahrul Kurniawan,, SP., MP., Ph.D. (2023) Pengaruh Perbedaan Manajemen Pemangkasan dan Pemupukan terhadap Aktivitas Mikroba Tanah pada Agroforestri Kopi. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Pemangkasan pada tanaman kopi merupakan sebuah teknik yang digunakan dalam budidaya tanaman kopi untuk mengembangkan cabang produktif baru, dan meningkatkan kualitas serta hasil buah. Pemangkasan menyebabkan petani tidak dapat memanen hasil buah kopi pada musim berikutnya, dan berdampak pada penurunan kualitas tanah akibat berkurangnya input seresah sebagai sumber bahan organik dan siklus hara, serta proses biokimia di bawah tanah yang melibatkan mikroba tanah. Kegiatan pemupukan dilakukan sebagai salah satu upaya untuk memperbaiki kualitas tanah akibat praktik pemangkasan. Integrasi manajemen pemangkasan dan pemupukan dapat menjadi upaya dalam perbaikan kualitas tanah, termasuk faktor biologi tanah. Pengukuran kualitas tanah melalui indikator biologi dapat dilakukan dengan dengan pengukuran biomassa mikroba tanah dan respirasi tanah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di UB Forest pada bulan Juni 2020 sampai dengan April 2021. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi (split-plot design) dan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Petak utama terdiri dari dua metode pemangkasan tanaman kopi, yaitu Pruning dan Bending. Kemudian anak petak terdiri dari empat perlakuan pemupukan, yaitu F0: Tanpa pupuk, F1: 100% pupuk kandang ayam, F2: 50% pupuk kandang ayam + 50% pupuk anorganik, dan F3: 100% pupuk anorganik. Parameter yang diamati diantaranya adalah biomassa C-mikroba, biomassa N-mikroba, respirasi tanah, C-organik, pH tanah, kadar air tanah, dan qCO2. Seluruh data yang terkumpul kemudian dilakukan analisis ragam (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut BNT 5% menggunakan program R. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh nyata pada hasil pengukuran biomassa C-mikroba, respirasi tanah, dan C-organik. Perlakuan F1 (pupuk kandang ayam) dan F2 (50% pupuk kandang ayam + 50% pupuk anorganik) mampu meningkatkan hasil biomassa C-mikroba, respirasi tanah, dan C-organik, pada plot Pruning dan Bending dibandingkan dengan perlakuan F0 (tanpa pupuk). Hasil pengukuran biomassa N-mikroba tidak menunjukkan pengaruh nyata pada seluruh perlakuan. pH tanah pada perlakuan F1 (pupuk kandang ayam) memiliki nilai tertinggi dan berpengaruh nyata terhadap perlakuan F3 (100% pupuk anorganik)). Hasil rasio respirasi tanah:biomassa C-mikroba (qCO2) menunjukkan nilai tertinggi pada perlakuan F0 (tanpa pupuk). Biomassa C-mikroba memiliki nilai korelasi yang kuat dan bersifat postif terhadap C-organik dan respirasi tanah.

English Abstract

Pruning practices on coffee plantation is believed to be the most important cultivation technique to better development of new productive branches, and higher fruit quality and yield. Pruning practices reduces productivity of coffee plants for at least two years until the newly grown branches produce the berries since the plants lose some of its woody biomass and leaves. Pruning practices also has an impact on decreasing soil quality due to reduced the input of organic matter from litter, and nutrient cycles that involved soil microbes. Fertilizer addition from pruning can reduce the risk from pruning effect, so that the growth of coffee plants can be improved. The integration of management pruning and fertilization can lead to improving soil quality, especially in soil microbial properties. The soil microbial properties can be measured by estimating the size and activity of microbes in the soil, e.g., soil microbial biomass and soil respiration. The study was conducted at UB Forest in June 2020 – April 2021. The experiment was set up in a split-plot design and replicated three times. This research used two types of pruning, i.e., Pruning and Bending as the main plots. Four fertilization treatments, i.e., F0: no fertilizer, F1: 100% chicken manure, F2: 50% chicken manure + 50% inorganic fertilizer, and F3: 100% inorganic fertilizer were used as the subplots. The variable observed were soil microbial biomass C and N, soil respiration, soil organic C, soil pH, soil water content, and qCO2 (metabolic quotient). The data analysis was performed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). The significant differences between pruning and fertilization were determined by the LSD test (p<0.05). All statistical analyses were performed with R statistical program. The result showed that there was a significantly different (p<0.05) in the soil microbial biomass C and soil respiration after the application of fertilizer. The addition of chicken manure (F1 and F2) could enhance the soil microbial biomass and soil respiration, compared to the no fertilizer treatment (F0) under different pruning practices (Pruning and Bending). The soil microbial biomass N did not significantly different among all treatment. The level of soil pH in chicken manure treatment (F1) were highest and significantly different with inorganic fertilizer treatment (F3), showed that the application of chicken manure had a potential to neutralize the soil acidity. Metabolic quotient (qCO2) showed highest in the no fertilizer treatment (F0) as compared to the other treatments. The soil microbial biomass C had positive correlation (p<0.05) with soil organic C and soil respiration.

Item Type:	Thesis (Magister)
Identification Number:	0423040006
Subjects:	600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.4 Soil science
Divisions:	S2/S3 > Magister Pengelolaan Tanah dan Air, Fakultas Pertanian
Depositing User:	soegeng sugeng
Date Deposited:	25 Sep 2023 01:26
Last Modified:	25 Sep 2023 01:26
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/203238

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