Romadona, Dessi Nurhidayati and Prof. Dr. Ir. Titiek Islami (2023) Aplikasi Dosis Dan Waktu Pemupukan Npk Majemuk Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea Mays Saccharata Sturt). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) merupakan komoditas yang banyak diminati oleh masyarakat karena rasa bijinya manis dan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk membuat berbagai produk olahan pangan. Produktivitas jagung manis di Indonesia tergolong rendah sehingga perlu ditingkatkan melalui perbaikan proses budidaya tanaman yakni pemupukan dengan menggunakan pupuk anorganik secara tepat untuk mengurangi dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Pupuk anorganik yang banyak digunakan oleh petani adalah pupuk majemuk NPK. Melalui penggunaan pupuk NPK maka unsur hara esensial seperti Nitrogen, Fosfor dan Kalium yang dibutuhkan oleh tanaman dapat tercukupi. Untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman secara berkelanjutan, maka usaha pengelolaan hara tanaman yang tepat baik sumber, dosis, waktu maupun tempat. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi penyerapan unsur hara oleh tanaman antara lain jumlah pupuk yang diberikan dan waktu pemupukan. Maka penelitian mengenai dosis dan waktu pemupukan dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan mempelajari pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis. Kegiatan penelitian telah dilaksanakan di lahan Agrotechno Park Jatikerto Universitas Brawijaya, pada bulan Mei hingga Agustus 2022. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian faktorial yang disusun berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dan terdiri dari 2 faktor, yakni dosis pupuk NPK dan waktu pemupukan. Perlakuan dosis pemupukan NPK terdiri dari 5 taraf meliputi 150, 200, 250, 300 dan 350 kg ha-1. Perlakuan waktu pemupukan NPK terdiri dari 2 taraf yaitu pemupukan 0 dan 30 HST serta pemupukan 0, 15 dan 30 HST. Pengamatan terdiri dari pengamatan pertumbuhan dan hasil. Pengamatan pertumbuhan terdiri dari parameter panjang tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, luas daun dan indeks klorofil. Pengamatan hasil terdiri dari umur berbunga jantan, umur berbunga betina, panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol berkelobot dan tanpa kelobot, bobot segar tongkol berkelobot, dan tanpa kelobot, hasil panen per tanaman, hasil panen per petak, hasil panen per hektar dan kadar gula. Data pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) dengan taraf 5%, apabila terdapat pengaruh nyata, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji perbandingan antar perlakuan menggunakan Uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) dengan taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Terdapat interaksi antara dosis dan waktu pemupukan NPK terhadap panjang tanaman umur 35 dan 42 HST, diameter batang umur 42 HST, dan luas daun umur 28, 35, dan 42 HST, serta bobot segar tongkol, hasil panen, dan kadar gula saat panen. Pemberian dosis pupuk NPK 250 kg ha-1 dengan waktu pemupukan 0, 15, dan 30 HST pada jagung manis mampu meningkatkan panjang tanaman, bobot segar tongkol, dan hasil panen dan kadar gula saat panen. Perlakuan dosis pupuk NPK berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung manis. Pemberian dosis NPK 250 kg ha-1, 300 kg ha-1, dan 350 kg ha-1 menghasilkan panjang tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, luas daun, indeks klorofil, bobot segar tongkol, hasil panen, kadar gula saat ii panen dan 1 hari setelah panen lebih tinggi dibandingkan pemberian dosis NPK 150 kg ha-1 dan 200 kg ha-1. Perlakuan waktu pemupukan NPK berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis. Pemupukan yang dilakukan pada waktu 0, 15, dan 30 HST menghasilkan panjang tanaman, diameter batang, luas daun, bobot segar tongkol, hasil panen, dan kadar gula saat panen lebih tinggi dibandingkan waktu pemupukukan 0 dan 30 HST
English Abstract
Sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) is a commodity in great demand by the public because its seeds taste sweet and can be used to make various processed food products. The productivity of sweet corn in Indonesia is low, so it needs to be increased by improving the cultivation process, namely fertilizing using appropriate inorganic fertilizers to reduce the negative impact on the environment. The inorganic fertilizer that is widely used by farmers is NPK compound fertilizer. Through the use of NPK fertilizer, essential nutrients such as Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium needed by plants can be fulfilled. To increase crop productivity in a sustainable manner, proper management of plant nutrients, both in terms of source, dose, time, and place, is required. Several factors affect the absorption of nutrients by plants, including the amount of fertilizer given and the time of fertilization. So research on the dose and time of fertilization was carried out to determine its effect on the growth and yield of sweet corn plants. The research activity have been carried out at the Agrotechno Park Jatikerto, Universitas Brawijaya, from May to August 2022. The research was a factorial study that was arranged based on a Randomized Block Design (RBD) and consisted of 2 factors, namely NPK fertilizer dosage and fertilization time. NPK fertilization dose treatment consisted of 5 levels including 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 kg ha-1. The fertilization time treatment consisted of 2 levels, namely 0 and 30 DAP fertilization and 0, 15 and 30 DAP fertilization. The observations consisted of observing growth and yields. Growth parameters consisted of plant length, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area and chlorophyll index. Yield parameters consisted of male flowering time, female flowering time, length of cob, cob diameter with husk, cob diameter without husk, cob fresh weight with husk, cob fresh weight without husk, yield per plant, yield per plot, yield per hectare and sugar content. Observational data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a level of 5%, if there is a significant effect, then it is continued with a comparison test between treatments using the Honest Significant Difference Test (HSD) with a level of 5%. The results showed that there was an interaction between the dose and time of NPK fertilization on plant length at 35 and 42 DAP, stem diameter at 42 DAP, and leaf area at 28, 35 and 42 DAP, cob fresh weight, yields and sugar content at harvest. The application of NPK fertilizer doses of 250 kg ha-1 with fertilization times of 0, 15, and 30 HST was able to increase plant length, cob fresh weight, yield, and sugar content at harvest. Treatment of NPK fertilizer doses significantly affected the growth and yield of sweet corn, in which NPK doses of 250 kg ha-1, 300 kg ha-1, and 350 kg ha-1 produced plant length, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, index chlorophyll, cob fresh weight, yield, sugar content at harvest and 1 day after harvest were higher than NPK doses of 150 kg ha-1 and 200 kg ha-1. Fertilization time treatment had a significant effect on the growth and yield of sweet corn, in which fertilization was carried out at 0, 15, and 30 DAP resulted in higher plant length, stem diameter, leaf area, fresh cob weight, yield, and sugar content at harvest compared to the time of 0 and 30 DAP fertilization
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0523040197 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 630 Agriculture and related technologies |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 01 Aug 2023 02:20 |
| Last Modified: | 01 Aug 2023 02:20 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/202270 |
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