Prabowo, Heri and Prof. Dr. Ir. Bambang Tri Rahardjo, - and Dr. Ir. Gatot Mudjiono, - and Akhmad Rizali, S.P., M.Si., Ph.D. (2022) Pengelolaan Hama Terpadu (PHT) Berbasis Ekologi Terhadap Tanaman Tebu Ratun. Doktor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Serangan hama pada tanaman tebu ratun diperlukan solusi melalui penerapan PHT dengan menerapkan taktik dan strategi yang didasarkan pada informasi karakteristik lahan tebu ratun pada beberapa sentra produksi tebu ratun serta deskripsi interaksi tritrofik pada sistem tebu ratun melalui pendekatan isotop stabil karbon (δ13C) dan nitrogen (δ15N). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1). mempelajari pengaruh karakteristik lahan tebu ratun pada beberapa sentra produksi tebu ratun terhadap serangan penggerek, diversitas dan komposisi arthropoda tanah, (2) mempelajari deskripsi interaksi tritrofik pada tanaman tebu ratun melalui pendekatan isotop stabil karbon (δ13C) dan nitrogen (δ15N), (3) mempelajari pengaruh sistem tebu ratun terhadap serangan penggerek, produktivitas, serta kualitas tebu yang dihasilkan, dan (4) mempelajari efektivitas penerapan PHT berbasis ekologi terhadap peningkatan produktivitas tanaman tebu dan pengendalian serangan hama dalam sistem tebu ratun pada berbagai kondisi lahan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai dengan bulan Desember 2021. Penelitian ini terdiri atas empat bagian, yakni: i) Karakteristik lahan tebu ratun pada beberapa sentra produksi tebu; ii) Deskripsi Interaksi Tritrofik Agroekosistem Tebu Ratun Melalui Pendekatan Analisis Isotop Stabil, iii) Pengaruh sistem ratun tebu terhadap intensitas serangan penggerek tebu serta kualitas tebu yang dihasilkan, iv) Evaluasi penerapan Pengelolaan hama terpadu (PHT) berbasis ekologi terhadap perbaikan agroekosistem tebu ratun pada beberapa sentra produksi tebu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik lahan tebu ratun didominasi kandungan partikel pasir dengan kandungan C organik serta nitrogen tanah yang rendah. Berdasarkan uji Mantel, karakteristik lahan tebu ratun terutama faktor partikel tanah pasir mempengaruhi komposisi morfospesies arthropoda tanah. Sedangkan analisis GLM menunjukkan bahwa kemelimpahan arthropoda tanah berkorelasi paling kuat dengan partikel tanah pasir. Interaksi tritofik pada tanaman tebu ratun dapat dideskripsikan melalui penggunaan isotop karbon (δ13C) dan nitrogen (δ15N). Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa arthropoda yang berada pada tritrofik level dua memiliki nilai isotop stabil karbon (δ13C) menjauhi nol, sedangkan arthropoda yang berada pada tritrofik level tiga memiliki nilai isotop stabil nitrogen (δ15N) berada diatas 10‰. Tebu dengan sistem ratun tanpa pengelolaan agroekosistem menyebabkan adanya peningkatan serangan penggerek pucuk dan batang berturut turut sebesar 98,57% dan 97,63%. Selain peningkatan persentase serta intensitas serangan penggerek, penerapan tebu sistem ratun tanpa pengelolaan yang baik dapat menyebabkan penurunan produktivitas, rendemen, dan hablur. Faktor performa tanaman yang menurun diikuti dengan semakin meningkatnya serangan penggerek semakin menekan produktivitas, rendemen dan hablur tanaman tebu ratun. Peningkatan serangan penggerek pucuk dan batang ini menyebabkan penurunan produktivitas dan hablur tanaman tebu berturut-turut sebesar 17,10 % dan 26,04 %. Penerapan PHT pada beberapa lahan tebu ratun mampu meningkatkan keanekaragaman arthropoda sebesar 10,8%, menurunkan persentase serangan penggerek batang sebesar 67,26%, serta mempengaruhi kualitas tebu yang dihasilkan (jumlah ruas, panjang ruas, rendemen, dan hablur). Penerapan PHT pada tanaman tebu ratun dapat dijadikan model pengembangan optimalisasi lahan tebu ratun skala luas.
English Abstract
Pest attack on ratoon sugarcane plants requires a solution through the application of IPM by applying tactics and strategies based on information on the characteristics of ratoon sugar cane fields at several ratoon sugarcane production area as well as a description of tritrophic interactions in the ratoon sugarcane system through the stable isotope approach of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N). This study aims to: (1). Studying the effect of the ratoon sugarcane system on borer attack, productivity, and quality of sugarcane produced, (2) Studying the effect of ratoon sugarcane field characteristics in several production of ratoon sugarcane area on borer attack, diversity and composition of soil arthropods, (3) Studying the description of tritrophic interactions in ratoon sugarcane through stable isotope based on carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N), and (4) Studying the effectiveness of the application of ecologically based IPM on increasing sugarcane productivity and controlling pest attacks in ratoon sugarcane systems in various land conditions. The research was conducted from January to December 2021. This study consisted of four parts, namely: i) Characteristics of ratoon sugarcane field in several sugarcane production centers; ii) Description of Tritrophic Interaction of Ratoon Sugarcane Agroecosystem Through Stable Isotope Analysis Approach, iii) Effect of ratoon sugarcane system on sugarcane borer attack intensity and quality of sugarcane produced, iv) Evaluation of ecologically based Integrated Pest Management (IPM) application to improve ratoon sugarcane agroecosystem in several sugarcane production center. The results showed that the characteristics of ratoon sugarcane were dominated by sand or clay particles with low organic C content and low soil nitrogen. Based on the Mantel test, the characteristics of the ratoon sugar cane field, especially the sand soil particle factor, affect the composition of the soil arthropod morphospecies. Meanwhile, GLM analysis showed that the abundance of soil arthropods correlated most strongly with sand soil particles. Tritophic interactions in ratoon sugarcane can be described through the use of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes. The use of stable isotopes to describe tritrophic interactions of the ratoon sugarcane agroecosystem through a chemical approach to food that is absorbed by the arthropod and stored into the arthropod's body. The results showed that arthropods at tritrophic level two had a stable carbon isotope value (δ13C) away from zero, while arthropods at tritrophic level three had a stable nitrogen isotope value (δ15N) above 10‰. Sugarcane with ratoon system without agro-ecosystem management caused an increase in shoot and stem borer attacks by 98.57% and 97.63%, respectively. In addition to increasing the percentage and intensity of borer attacks, the application of the ratoon system without proper management can cause a decrease in productivity, yield, and crystals. Decreased plant performance factors followed by increasing borer attacks further suppressed the productivity, yield and crystal of ratoon sugar cane. This increase in shoot and stem borer attacks caused a decrease in productivity and sugarcane crystals by 17.10% and 26.04%, respectively. The application of IPM on several ratoon sugar fields was able to increase the diversity of arthropods by 10.8%, reduce the percentage of stem borer attacks by 67.26%, and affect the quality of sugarcane produced (number of segments, length of segments, yield, and crystal). The application of IPM on ratoon sugar cane can be used as a model for the development of wide-scale ratoon sugarcane land optimization.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doktor) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0622040013 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Doktor Ilmu Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | PKN 01 UB |
| Date Deposited: | 07 Jun 2023 02:14 |
| Last Modified: | 07 Jun 2023 02:14 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/201007 |
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