Performa produksi dan reproduksi itik Mojosari dengan pemberian kunyit (curcuma longa) dan probiotik dalam pakan

Ardiansyah, Widiastuti and Prof.Dr.Sc. Agr. Ir. Suyadi,, MS., IPU., ASEAN Eng and Prof.Dr.Ir. Osfar Sjofjan,, M.Sc., IPU., ASEAN Eng and Dr. Ir. Eko Widodo,, M.Agr.Sc., M.Sc (2022) Performa produksi dan reproduksi itik Mojosari dengan pemberian kunyit (curcuma longa) dan probiotik dalam pakan. Doktor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Keprihatinan terhadap perkembangan sifat resistensi antimikroba, beberapa Negara telah membuat regulasi nomor 1831/2003 larangan penambahan antibiotik sintetis jenis apapun pada pakan unggas sebagai bahan imbuhan pakan untuk mencegah kontaminasi bakteri. Indonesia merupakan Negara tropis yang sangat potesial bagi perkembangan mikroorganisme, kemajuan industri perunggasan di Indonesia telah didorong oleh penggunaan alternative antimikroba dalam pakan terutama tanaman herbal yang digunakan sebagai sumber antibiotik alami. Salah satu pengganti antibiotik sintetis karena mempunyai sifat antimikroba adalah kunyit yang memiliki kandungan zat bioaktif curcuma, flavonid dan fenol (Purwanti et. al., 2014; Purwanti et al., 2019). Penggunaan herbal dosis 2,5 mL/liter air minum memperlihatkan semua organ pencernaan broiler dalam keadaan normal sehingga penyerapan nutrisi menjadi lebih baik sebagaimana mekanisme kerja antibiotik sebagai growth promotant dan bila diberikan diatas dosis tersebut memperlihatkan kerusakan histopatologi organ pencernaan serta dapat menghambat bakteri Gram positif maupun bakteri Gram negatif. (Agustina et al., 2006; 2009; 2010 : Ardiansyah, W. 2013). Ekstrak tanaman, aditif fitogenik, minyak esensial, prebiotik dan probiotik telah banyak diteliti guna menggantikan antibiotik sintesis telah diuji untuk mendapatkan hasil yang terbaik (Diaz-Sanchez et al., 2015; Toghyani et.al., 2011). Probiotik sebagai feed additive dalam usaha peternakan unggas secara modern telah umum dilakukan untuk memacu pertumbuhan atau meningkatkan produktivitas ternak dan meningkatkan efesiensi pakan (Lestari et al., 2021: Sjofjan, 2003). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji dan menganalis kandungan nilai nutrisi dan zat bioatif kunyit, menghitung dan mengamati histopatologi vili-vili usus, menganalisis manfaat pemberian kunyit dan probiotik serta kombinasinya dalam pakan terhadap performa produksi dan menghitung jumlah folikel sel telur pada saluran reproduksi itik Mojosari. Manfaat yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini adalah : sebagai bahan informasi ilmiah kandungan nutrisi dan zat bioaktif kunyit serta penerapannya pada itik. Selain itu, sebagai dasar penyusunan pakan itik guna meningkatkan efesiensi serta performa produksi dan reproduksi itik Mojosari. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tiga tahap yaitu : (1). Analisis kandungan nutrisi dan zat bioaktif kunyit, analisis fitokimia kunyit (Curcuma longa) dan pembuatan probiotik. (2). Analisis uji daya hambat kunyit dan probiotik terhadap Salmonella dan Escherichia coli. (3). Analisis mikroflora usus melalui uji Total Plat Count, analisis karakteristik usus melalui histopatologi vili, dan penerapan kunyit dan probiotik terhadap performa produksi dan reproduksi itik Mojosari. Penelitian tahap pertama dilakukan dengan metode analisis uji kimia kunyit meliputi kandungan bahan kering (BK), protein kasar (PK), serat kasar (SK), lemak kasar (LK), karbohidrat (KH), kandungan abu dilaksanakan di Laboraturium Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar. Uji kalsium (Ca) dan fospor (P) dilaksanakan di Laboraturium Fitofarmaka Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar. Analisis fitokimia dilakukan untuk menentukan komponen bioaktif kunyit atau efek farmakologis dilaksanakan di Laboraturium Fitofarmaka Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar. Pembuatan probiotik dilaksanakan di Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Brawijaya yang berasal dari penelitian RAPID (Sjofjan, 2013). Data yang diperoleh ditabulasi dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Penelitian tahap kedua dilakukan dengan analisis uji daya hambat kunyit terhadap Salmonella dan Escherichia coli dilaksanakan di Laboraturium hama dan penyakit tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya. Metode yang digunakan adalah percobaan Laboratorium mengunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan penelitian meliputi: P0 (aquades/kontrol), P1 (kunyit 98% + aquades 2%), P2 ( probiotik 96% + aquades 4%), P3 (probiotik 92% + kunyit 8%), P4 (antibiotik bazitrasin 92% + aquades 8%), jika terdapat perbedaan antara perlakuan dilanjutkan dengan Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT). Penelitian tahap ketiga dilakukan dengan (1). pemeliharaan itik Mojosari di Kandang peternak itik kelurahan Batu Lappa Kecamatan Watang Pulu Kabupaten Sidrap Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Selanjutnya menghitung jumlah populasi mikroflora saluran pencernaan itik Mojosari dilakukan di Laboraturium Mikrobiologi dan Bakteriologi Fakutas Peternakan Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar. (2). Analisis histopatologi dilakukan di Laboraturium Patologi Balai Besar Veteriner Kabupaten Maros Sulawesi Selatan. 3). Menganalisis dan menghitung konsumsi pakan, konversi pakan, produksi telur harian (HDP%), bobot telur dan mortalitas. (4). Menganalisis dan menghitung jumlah folikel kuning besar, jumlah folikel kuning kecil, jumlah folikel putih besar dan jumlah folikel putih kecil, bobot ovarium dan jumlah folikel induk petelur. Metode yang digunakan percobaan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) 6 perlakuan 4 ulangan, satu unit percobaan terdiri atas 8 ekor itik dengan perlakuan yaitu : P0 (pakan basal + kontrol 0%), P1 (pakan basal + tepung kunyit 0,2%), P2 (Pakan basal + tepung kunyit 0,8%), P3 (Pakan basal + tepung kunyit 0,2% + probiotik 0,1%), P4 (Pakan basal + tepung kunyit 0,8% + probiotik 0,6%), P5 (Pakan basal + Antibiotik bazitrasin 0,01%) data yang diperoleh ditabulasi dan dianalisis sidik ragam, jika terdapat perbedaan dilanjutkan dengan uji beda nyata terkecil (BNT). Hasil penelitian tahap pertama diperoleh sebagai berikut : Hasil analisis kandungan nutrisi (proximat) tepung kunyit meliputi kandungan kadar air 17,37± 0,23%, protein kasar 13,39± 0,12%, lemak kasar 11,96± 0,07%, serat kasar 11,17± 0,49%, bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen (BETN) 53,92± 0,24%, abu 9,55± 0,06 %, kalsium 0,52± 0,01% dan pospor 0,58± 0,01 %. Hasil analisis fitokimia zat bioaktif kunyit yakni kadar kurkumin 11,170%, kadar flavonoid 30,206%, dan kadar polifenol 26,994%. Hasil penelitian tahap kedua diperoleh hasil rata-rata uji daya hambat kunyit dan probiotik terhadap bakteri Salmonella tertinggi (p4) 5,13±0,00 mm, (p3) 3,92±1,35 mm, (p2) 3,91±0,71 mm, dan (p1) 1,98±0,30 mm, secara statistik p0 tidak berbeda dengan p1, tetapi keduanya berbeda sangat nyata(p<0,01) dengan p2, p3 dan p4, diantara ketiga perlakuan tersebut menunjukkan hasil yang tidak berbeda. Demikian pula dengan bakteri Eschericia coli tertinggi (p4) 5,49±0,00 mm, (p3) 5,00±1,36 mm, (p2) 4,94±0,49 mm, (p1) 2,85±0,29 mm, secara statistik p0 dan p1 berbeda sangat nyata (p<0,01) terhadap p2, p3 dan p4, sedangkan ketiganya p2,p3 dan p4 tidak berbeda nyata. Hasil penelitian tahap ketiga hasil rata-rata jumlah koloni bakteri Total Plat Count tertinggi yakni (p1) 164,58±32,92 cfu/ml, (p4) 95,92±33,28 cfu/ml, (p3) 85,10±17,05 cfu/ml, (p2) 56,68±22,82 cfu/ml, (p0) 28,00±9,90cfu/ml dan (p5) 48,33±22,50 cfu/ml. berdasarkan analisa statistik p0 terhadap p1 memiliki perbedaan sangat nyata (p<0,01) sedangakan pada perlakuan p2,p3, p4 dan p5 tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata (p>0,05). Perlakuan p1 menunjukkan perbedaan yang sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap semua perlakuan. Hasil analisis karakteristik panjang usus tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan (p1) 180,25±12,84 cm, (p2) 179,50±12,12 cm, (p0) 178,75±13,75 cm, (p3) 175,25±11,44 cm, (p4) 173,50±7,32 cm dan (p5) 168,25±16,27 cm. Namun dalam hal ini semua perlakuan tidak terdapat perbedan yang nyata. Hasil rata-rata bobot usus tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan (p0) 108,50±21,45 g, (p2) 103,75±7,13 g, (p1) 97,75±11,76, (p5) 88,75±11,73, (p3) 87,75±7,36 dan terendah (p4) 87,25±18,62 g, semua perlakuan tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata. Hasil analisis histopatologi ukuran tinggi vili tertinggi pada (p4) 630,25±69,97 μm, (p1) 517,70±40,42 μm, (p3) 511,00±69,73 μm, (p5) 492,73±131,64 μm (p2) 464,72±71,31 μm dan terendah (p0) 416,22±43,30 μm. Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa p0 berbeda sangat nyata (p>0,05) dengan perlakuan lainnya. Pada ukuran lebar vili menunjukkan hasil tertinggi (p4) 106,88±8,67 (p2) 86,91±17,81 (p5) 85,99±10,50 (p3) 84,81±11,16 (p1) 80,62±4,05 dan terendah (p0) 67,54±18,98. Analisis statistic menunjukkan p0 berbeda nyata (p<0,05) terhadap p4. Hasil analisis performa yakni : rata-rata konsumsi pakan semua perlakuan sebesar 160 g/ekor/hari. Rata-rata produksi telur tertinggi pada perlakuan P4 yaitu sebesar 55,00±0,76% kemudian diikuti (p3) 51,98±1,34%, (p2) 47,76±1,06%, (p1)37,45±2,38%, (p5) 37,86±0,92%, dan (p0) 36,77±1,16%. Berdasarkan analisis sidik ragam, produksi telur berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap perlakuan yang diberikan. Hasil uji lanjut BNT memperlihatkan bahwa perlakuan p0 tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) terhadap p1 dan p5, namun berbeda sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap p2, p3, dan p4. Perlakuan p4 yang memiliki jumlah terbesar menunjukkah perbedaan yang sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap perlakuan lainnya. Rata-rata bobot telur tertinggi perlakuan (p4) 66,25±0,96 g, (p3) 65,75±0,96 g, (p1) 63,50±0,58 g, (p2) 63,13±1,03 g, (p5) 63,50±0,58 g, dan (p0) 62,00±1,98 . Berdasarkan analisis statistik p4 memiliki perbedaan yang sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap semua perlakuan lainnya kecuali dengan p3 memiliki perbedaan yang tidak nyata (P>0,05). Rata –rata konversi terbaik pada perlakuan (p4) 4,41±0,68, (p3) 4,68±0,08, (p2) 5,32±0,10, (p1) 6,75±0,36, (p5) 6,85±0,16 dan (p0) 7,02±0,27. Uji statistik menunjukkan P4 berbeda sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap semua perlakuan kecuali pada P3 tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (P>0,05). Hasil analisis performa reproduksi yakni : rata – rata bobot ovarium tertinggi pada perlakuan (p4) 55,24±9,90 g, (p3) 49,00±10,74 g, (p2) 44,00±13,31 g, (p1) 42,33±14,44 g, (p0) 35,25±6,18 g dan (p5) 30,38±6,20 g. Rata-rata jumlah folikel kuning besar tertinggi pada perlakuan (p4) 6,25±0,96, (p3) 6,00±0,82, (p2) 3,50±1,30, (p5) 2,25±2,50, (p1) 2,25±0,50 dan (p0) 2,00±0,82. Jumlah folikel kuning kecil tertinggi pada perlakuan (p4) 9,00±2,45, (p3) 8,50±3,00, (p2) 4,00±1,15,(p1) 2,75±2,21, (p0) 1,50±0,58, (p5) 1,25±2,50. Jumlah folikel putih besar tertingg pada perlakuan (p2) 19,00±7,35, (p4) 12,50±2,88, (p3) 10,50±3,32, (p5) 8,75±5,96, (p1) 8,50±5,44, (p0) 5,00±2,16. Rata-rata Jumlah folikel putih kecil tertinggi pada perlakuan (p3) 300,00±40,83, (p4) 237,50±75,00, (p5) 200,00±57,74, (p2) 187,50±103,08, (p0) 145,00±42,03 (p1) 137,50±25,00. analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa rataan bobot ovarium, folikel putih besar dan putih kecil berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap perlakuan P4, sedangkan jumlah folikel kuning besar dan kuning kecil berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap perlakuan P2 dan P3. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan : 1). Analisis proximat tepung kunyit dari rata – rata kadar air, protein kasar, lemak kasar, serat kasar, BETN, abu, Ca dan fosfor sesuai angka standar komposisi pangan Indonesia. 2). Analisis fitoskrining kadar kurkumin, flavonoid, dan polifenol memiliki nilai yang sesuai pada standar komposisi kimia kunyit. 3). Analisis diameter zona hambat bakteri Salmonella dan Eschericia coli tertinggi pada perlakuan p4 (antibiotik 92%+aquades 8%). Namun pada penelitian ini kami menitik beratkan kombinasi pada perlakuan P3 (kunyit 92%+ probiotik 8%). 4). Analisis jumlah koloni bakteri Total Plat Count usus terbaik pada perlakuan p2 (pakan basal + kunyit 0,8%). 5). Panjang dan bobot usus tidak berpengaruh dengan penambahan antibiotik, probiotik dan herbal namun pada tinggi dan lebar vili memberikan hasil terbaik dengan perlakuan P4 (kunyit 0,8% + probiotik 0,6%). 6). Produksi telur, konversi pakan, dan bobot telur terbaik pada perlakuan P4 (kunyit 0,8% + probiotik 0,6%). 7). Performa reproduksi terbaik pada perlakuan P4 terhadap jumlah folikel kuning besar, folikel kuning kecil, dan folikel putih besar. Sedangkan jumlah folikel putih kecil terbaik pada perlakuan P3. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disarankan bahwa : kombinasi penggunaan kunyit 0,8% dan probiotik 0,6% dalam pakan untuk performa produksi dan reproduksi itik Mojosari.

English Abstract

Concerned about the development of antimicrobial resistance, several countries have issued regulation number 1831/2003 prohibiting the addition of any type of synthetic antibiotic to poultry feed as a feed additive to prevent bacterial contamination. Indonesia is a tropical country with great potential for the development of microorganisms, the progress of the poultry industry in Indonesia has been driven by the use of alternative antimicrobials in feed, especially herbal plants which are used as a source of natural antibiotics. One of the substitutes for synthetic antibiotics because it has antimicrobial properties is turmeric which contains the bioactive substances curcuma, flavanoids and phenols (Purwanti et. al., 2014; Purwanti et al., 2019). The use of herbs at a dose of 2.5 mL/liter of drinking water shows that all broiler digestive organs are in a normal state so that nutrient absorption is better as is the mechanism of action of antibiotics as growth promoters and if given above this dose shows histopathological damage to the digestive organs and can inhibit both Gram positive and Gram positive bacteria. Gram negative bacteria. (Agustina et al., 2006; 2009; 2010: Ardiansyah, W. 2013). Plant extracts, phytogenic additives, essential oils, prebiotics and probiotics have been extensively studied to replace synthetic antibiotics and have been tested for the best results (Diaz-Sanchez et al., 2015; Toghyani et.al., 2011). Probiotics as feed additives in modern poultry farming have been commonly used to spur growth or increase livestock productivity and increase feed efficiency (Lestari et al., 2021: Sjofjan, 2003). This study aims to examine and analyze the content of the nutritional value and bioactive substances of turmeric, to calculate and observe the histopathology of the intestinal villi, to analyze the benefits of giving turmeric and probiotics and their combination in feed on production performance and to calculate the number of egg follicles in the reproductive tract of Mojosari ducks. The benefits obtained in this study are: as scientific information material for the nutritional content and bioactive substances of turmeric and its application to ducks. In addition, as a basis for preparing duck feed to increase the efficiency and production performance and reproduction of Mojosari ducks. This research was conducted in three stages, namely: (1). Analysis of the nutritional content and bioactive substances of turmeric, analysis of the phytochemicals of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and production of probiotics. (2). Analysis of the inhibition test of turmeric and probiotics against Salmonella and Escherichia coli. (3). Analysis of intestinal microflora through the Total Plate Count test, analysis of intestinal characteristics through histopathology of the villi, and the application of turmeric and probiotics on the production and reproductive performance of Mojosari ducks. 14 The first phase of the research was carried out using the chemical test analysis method of turmeric covering dry matter content (BK), crude protein (PK), crude fiber (SK), crude fat (LK), carbohydrates (KH), ash content carried out at the Animal Feed and Nutrition Laboratory. Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Hasanuddin Makassar. Tests for calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) were carried out at the Phytopharmaka Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. Phytochemical analysis was carried out to determine the bioactive components of turmeric or pharmacological effects carried out at the Phytopharmaka Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. The production of probiotics was carried out at the Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Brawijaya, originating from the RAPID research (Sjofjan, 2013). The data obtained were tabulated and analyzed descriptively. The second stage of research was carried out by analyzing the inhibition test of turmeric against Salmonella and Escherichia coli carried out at the Laboratory of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya. The method used was a laboratory experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The research treatment includes: P0 (aquades/control), P1 (98% turmeric + 2% distilled water), P2 (96% probiotics + 4% distilled water), P3 (92% probiotics + 8% turmeric), P4 (92% bazitracin antibiotics + 8% distilled water ), if there is a difference between the treatments, continue with the Least Significant Difference (LSD). The third stage of research was carried out by (1). maintenance of Mojosari ducks in the duck breeder's pen, Batu Lappa sub-district, Watang Pulu District, Sidrap Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Furthermore, calculating the population of the digestive tract microflora of Mojosari ducks was carried out at the Laboratory of Microbiology and Bacteriology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. (2). Histopathological analysis was carried out at the Pathology Laboratory of the Veterinary Center, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi. 3). Analyze and calculate feed consumption, feed conversion, daily egg production (HDP%), egg weight and mortality. (4). Analyzing and calculating the number of large yellow follicles, the number of small yellow follicles, the number of large white follicles and the number of small white follicles, the weight of the ovaries and the number of parent egg laying follicles. The method used was a completely randomized design trial (CRD) 6 treatments 4 replications, one experimental unit consisted of 8 ducks with treatments namely: P0 (basal feed + 0% control), P1 (basal feed + 0.2% turmeric flour), P2 (Basal feed + 0.8% turmeric flour), P3 (Basal feed + 0.2% turmeric flour + 0.1% probiotics), P4 (Basal feed + 0.8% turmeric flour + 0.6% probiotics) , P5 (Basal feed + Antibiotic bazitracin 0.01%) the data obtained were tabulated and analyzed for variance, if there was a difference it was continued with the least significant difference test (LSD). The results of the first phase of the study were obtained as follows: The results of the analysis of the nutritional content (proximate) of turmeric flour included a moisture content of 17.37 ± 0.23%, crude protein 13.39 ± 0.12%, crude fat 11.96 ± 0.07 %, crude fiber 11.17 ± 0.49%, extract material without nitrogen (BETN) 53.92 ± 0.24%, ash 9.55 ± 0.06 %, calcium 0.52 ± 0.01% and phosphorus 0.58 ± 0.01 %. The results of the phytochemical analysis of turmeric's bioactive substances were curcumin levels of 11.170%, flavonoid levels of 30.206%, and polyphenol levels of 26.994%. The results of the second phase of the study obtained the highest average inhibition test results of turmeric and probiotics against Salmonella bacteria (p4) 5.13 ± 0.00 mm, (p3) 3.92 ± 1.35 mm, (p2) 3.91 ± 0.71 mm, and (p1) 1.98 ± 0.30 mm, statistically p0 was not different from p1, but both were very significantly different (p <0.01) with p2, p3 and p4, among the three treatments showed no different results. Likewise with the highest Escherichia coli bacteria (p4) 5.49 ± 0.00 mm, (p3) 5.00 ± 1.36 mm, (p2) 4.94 ± 0.49 mm, (p1) 2.85 ± 0.29 mm, statistically p0 and p1 were highly significant (p<0.01) to p2, p3 and p4, while the three p2, p3 and p4 were not significantly different. The results of the third stage of the study resulted in the highest average number of total plate count bacteria colonies, namely (p1) 164.58 ± 32.92 cfu/ml, (p4) 95.92 ± 33.28 cfu/ml, (p3) 85.10 ±17.05 cfu/ml, (p2) 56.68±22.82 cfu/ml, (p0) 28.00±9.90cfu/ml and (p5) 48.33±22.50 cfu/ml. based on statistical analysis p0 to p1 had a very significant difference (p <0.01) while the treatments p2, p3, p4 and p5 showed no significant difference (p>0.05). The p1 treatment showed a very significant difference (P<0.01) to all treatments. The results of the analysis of the highest intestinal length characteristics were found in the treatment (p1) 180.25 ± 12.84 cm, (p2) 179.50 ± 12.12 cm, (p0) 178.75 ± 13.75 cm, (p3) 175, 25±11.44 cm, (p4) 173.50±7.32 cm and (p5) 168.25±16.27 cm. However, in this case there was no significant difference between all treatments. The highest average intestinal weight results were found in the treatment (p0) 108.50 ± 21.45 g, (p2) 103.75 ± 7.13 g, (p1) 97.75 ± 11.76, (p5) 88, 75 ± 11.73, (p3) 87.75 ± 7.36 and the lowest (p4) 87.25 ± 18.62 g, there was no significant difference in all treatments. The results of histopathological analysis of the highest villi height were (p4) 630.25 ± 69.97 μm, (p1) 517.70 ± 40.42 μm, (p3) 511.00 ± 69.73 μm, (p5) 492.73 ±131.64 μm (p2) 464.72±71.31 μm and the lowest (p0) 416.22±43.30 μm. Statistical analysis showed that p0 was highly significant (p>0.05) different from the other treatments. The width of the villi showed the highest results (p4) 106.88 ± 8.67 (p2) 86.91 ± 17.81 (p5) 85.99 ± 10.50 (p3) 84.81 ± 11.16 (p1) 80.62 ± 4.05 and the lowest (p0) 67.54 ± 18.98. Statistical analysis showed that p0 was significantly different (p<0.05) to p4. The results of the performance analysis were: the average feed consumption of all treatments was 160 g/head/day. The highest average egg production was in the P4 treatment, namely 55.00 ± 0.76%, followed by (p3) 51.98 ± 1.34%, (p2) 47.76 ± 1.06%, (p1) 37, 45±2.38%, (p5) 37.86±0.92%, and (p0) 36.77±1.16%. Based on analysis of variance, egg production had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on the treatment given. The results of the BNT follow- up test showed that the p0 treatment was not significantly different (P>0.05) from p1 and p5, but very significantly different (P<0.01) from p2, p3 and p4. The p4 treatment that had the largest number showed a very significant difference (P<0.01) to the other treatments. The highest average egg weight in the treatment (p4) 66.25 ± 0.96 g, (p3) 65.75 ± 0.96 g, (p1) 63.50 ± 0.58 g, (p2) 63.13 ± 1.03 g, (p5) 63.50 ± 0.58 g, and (p0) 62.00 ± 1.98 . Based on statistical analysis, p4 had a very significant difference (P<0.01) to all other treatments except for p3 which had no significant difference (P>0.05). The best conversion average in the treatment (p4) 4.41 ± 0.68, (p3) 4.68 ± 0.08, (p2) 5.32 ± 0.10, (p1) 6.75 ± 0.36 , (p5) 6.85 ± 0.16 and (p0) 7.02 ± 0.27. Statistical test showed that P4 was very different significant (P<0.01) to all treatments except at P3 showed no significant difference (P>0.05). The results of the reproductive performance analysis were: the highest average ovarian weight in treatment (p4) 55.24 ± 9.90 g, (p3) 49.00 ± 10.74 g, (p2) 44.00 ± 13.31 g, (p1) 42.33 ± 14.44 g, (p0) 35.25 ± 6.18 g and (p5) 30.38 ± 6.20 g. The highest average number of large yellow follicles was in the treatment (p4) 6.25 ± 0.96, (p3) 6.00 ± 0.82, (p2) 3.50 ± 1.30, (p5) 2.25 ± 2.50, (p1) 2.25 ± 0.50 and (p0) 2.00 ± 0.82. The highest number of small yellow follicles was in the treatment (p4) 9.00 ± 2.45, (p3) 8.50 ± 3.00, (p2) 4.00 ± 1.15, (p1) 2.75 ± 2.21 , (p0) 1.50 ± 0.58, (p5) 1.25 ± 2.50. The highest number of large white follicles was in the treatment (p2) 19.00 ± 7.35, (p4) 12.50 ± 2.88, (p3) 10.50 ± 3.32, (p5) 8.75 ± 5.96 , (p1) 8.50 ± 5.44, (p0) 5.00 ± 2.16. The highest average number of small white follicles was in treatment (p3) 300.00 ± 40.83, (p4) 237.50 ± 75.00, (p5) 200.00 ± 57.74, (p2) 187.50 ± 103.08, (p0) 145.00±42.03 (p1) 137.50±25.00. Statistical analysis showed that the average weight of the ovaries, large white and small white follicles had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the P4 treatment, while the number of large yellow and small yellow follicles had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on the P2 and T3 treatments. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded: 1). Proximate analysis of turmeric flour from the average content of water, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, BETN, ash, Ca and phosphorus according to Indonesian food composition standards. 2). Phytoscreening analysis for the levels of curcumin, flavonoids, and polyphenols has values that correspond to the standard chemical composition of turmeric. 3). Analysis of the diameter of the inhibition zone for Salmonella and Escherichia coli bacteria was highest in the p4 treatment (92% antibiotic + 8% aquades). However, in this study we focused on the combination of P3 treatment (92% turmeric + 8% probiotics). 4). Analysis of the number of bacterial colonies Total Plate Count of the intestine was best in the p2 treatment (basal feed + 0.8% turmeric). 5). The length and weight of the intestine did not affect the addition of antibiotics, probiotics and herbs, but the height and width of the villi gave the best results with P4 treatment (turmeric 0.8% + probiotics 0.6%). 6). The best egg production, feed conversion, and egg weight were in the P4 treatment (turmeric 0.8% + probiotics 0.6%). 7). The best reproductive performance was in the P4 treatment for the number of large yellow follicles, small yellow follicles, and large white follicles. While the best number of small white follicles was in the P3 treatment. The results of the study it can be suggested that: the combination of using 0.8% turmeric and 0.6% probiotics in feed for the performance of production and reproduction of Mojosari ducks.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doktor)
Identification Number:	0623050006
Subjects:	600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 636 Animal husbandry
Divisions:	S2/S3 > Doktor Ilmu Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan
Depositing User:	Endang Susworini
Date Deposited:	19 May 2023 01:44
Last Modified:	19 May 2023 01:44
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/199857

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