Putri, Dina Afifah and Dr. Akhmad Rizali,, S.P., M.Si (2022) Populasi Dan Intensitas Serangan Penggerek Batang Padi Kuning, Scirpophaga Incertulas Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Pada Sistem Pertanian Padi Kompleks Di Desa Sukorejo, Kabupaten Malang. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman padi Oryza sativa L. merupakan komoditas utama yang memiliki peran krusial dalam ketahanan pangan nasional. Jumlah konsumsi beras mengalami peningkatan dari tahun 2020 sebanyak 1,308 kg kapita per minggu menjadi 1,392 kg kapita per minggu pada tahun 2021. Tingginya angka permintaan dan konsumsi menyebabkan tanaman padi banyak dibudidayakan dalam skala luas. Akan tetapi, dalam dalam proses budidaya terdapat gangguan berupa serangan hama salah satunya penggerek batang padi kuning Scirpophaga incertulas Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Hama tersebut dapat menyerang pada fase vegetatif maupun generatif sehingga menyebabkan tanaman padi mengalami sundep dan beluk. Kerugian yang ditimbulkan dapat mencapai 90%, bahkan tidak jarang petani mengalami gagal panen. Di sisi lain, penerapan sistem pertanian padi kompleks merupakan inovasi peningkatan biodiversitas agroekosistem dengan mengintegrasikan antara tanaman padi dengan azolla, ikan, bebek, dan tanaman pematang. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kepadatan populasi, dan intensitas serangan S. incertulas pada sistem pertanian padi kompleks. Penelitian dilakukan mulai dari bulan Desember 2021 hingga April 2022 di lahan pertanian milik petani Desa Sukorejo, Kecamatan Gondanglegi, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur. Desain sistem pertanian padi kompleks yang digunakan terdiri atas perlakuan konvensional (K), perlakuan padi+ikan+azolla (CRS P1), perlakuan padi+azolla+para-para gambas (CRS P2), dan perlakuan padi+bebek+para-para labu (CRS P3). Setiap perlakuan ditentukan 5 plot pengamatan yang masing-masing berukuran 5 m x 5 m. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengamati populasi dan kelimpahan imago S. incertulas, intensitas serangan, dan kelimpahan parasitoid pada umur tanaman padi yang berbeda (5, 7, 9 minggu setelah tanam/MST). Metode yang digunakan untuk mengamati S. incertulas yaitu secara visual (langsung) dan farmcop. Sedangkan pengamatan parasitoid dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkap umpan kepiting dan perangkap pitfall. Pengamatan secara langsung dilakukan pada 100 rumpun tanaman/plot dan metode farmcop untuk 3 rumpun padi/plot. Sedangkan perangkap pitfall dipasang 2 buah/plot dan perangkap umpan kepiting sebanyak 1 buah/plot. Sehingga total sampel pengamatan dari metode visual, metode farmcop, perangkap pitfall, dan perangkap umpan kepiting berturut-turut sebanyak 2.000 tanaman, 60 rumpun, 40 buah, dan 20 buah. Hasil serangga diidentifikasi hingga tingkat morfospesies. Adapaun data pendukung yang diambil berupa data cuaca dari BMKG (suhu, kelembapan) dan wawancara kepada petani pemilik lahan. Selanjutnya, populasi dan intensitas serangan dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam. Sedangkan analisis regresi digunakan untuk menentukan hubungan antara data cuaca (suhu, kelembapan), kelimpahan parasitoid terhadap kelimpahan S. incertulas serta intensitas serangannya. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan, jumlah individu imago S. incertulas paling banyak ditemukan pada lahan perlakuan konvensional. Dari hasil analisis ragam, ii perlakuan konvensional, integrasi tanaman padi+ikan+azolla, tanaman padi+azolla+para-para gambas, dan tanaman padi+bebek+para-para labu tidak mempengaruhi populasi dan intensitas serangan S. incertulas. Kepadatan populasi dan intensitas serangan S. incertulas paling banyak ditemukan pada perlakuan K terutama saat tanaman padi berumur 7 mst. Selanjutnya, dari hasil analisis regresi kepadatan populasi S. incertulas hanya berkorelasi dengan kelembapan. Akan tetapi, intensitas serangan S. incertulas dapat berkorelasi dengan suhu, kelembapan, dan kelimpahan parasiotid
English Abstract
The rice plant Oryza sativa L. is the main commodity that has a crucial role in national food security. The amount of rice consumption has increased from 2020 as much as 1,308 kg capita per week to 1,392 kg capita per week in 2021. High demand has caused many rice plants to be cultivated on a large scale. However, in the cultivation process there are disturbances in pest attacks likes yellow rice stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). These pests can attack in the vegetative and generative phases, causing rice plants to be dead heart and white heart. The losses caused can reach 90%, even farmers often experience crop failure. On the other hand, the application of the complex rice farming system (CRS) is the latest innovation to enhance the biodiversity in agroecosystem by integrating rice plants with azolla, fish, ducks, and ripening plants. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the population density and attack intensity of S. incertulas on complex rice system. The research was conducted from December 2021 to April 2022 on agricultural land owned by farmers in Sukorejo Village, Gondanglegi District, Malang Regency, East Java. The complex rice systems design used consisted of conventional treatment (K), rice+fish+azolla treatment (CRS P1), rice+azolla+para-para-gambas treatment (CRS P2), and rice+ducks+pumpkins treatment (CRS P3). Each treatments determined 5 observation plots, each plot measuring 5m x 5 m. Observations were made to observe the population and abundance of S. incertulas imago, attack intensity, parasitoid diversity, and their abundance at different age (5 WAP, 7 WAP, 9 WAP). The methods used to observe S. incertulas were visually (directly) and farmcop. Meanwhile, observation of parasitoids was carried out using pitfall traps and baittrap crabs. Visual observations were carried out on 100 plants/plot and the farmcop method for 3 rice clumps/plot. Meanwhile, pitfall traps were carried out 2 pieces/plot and baittrap crab was installed a pieces/plot. So that the total observation samples from the visual, farmcop method, pitfall traps, and baittrap crab were 2,000 plants, 60 clumps, 40 pitfalls, and 20 baittrap crabs, respectively. Insect yields were identified up to the morphospecies level. The supporting data taken are in the form of weather data from BMKG (temperature, humidity) and interviews with farmers who own land. Furthermore, population dynamics and attack intensity were analyzed using analysis of variance. Meanwhile, regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between weather data (temperature, humidity, the abundance of parasitoids on the abundance of S. incertulas and the intensity of its attack. Based on the results of observations, the highest number of S. incertulas imago individuals was found in the K treatment area. Then from the two traps used to observe S. incertulas imago, the visual observation method was more effective than the farmcop method. Based on the results of analysis of variance, conventional treatment, integration of rice plants + fish + azolla, rice plants + azolla + gambas, and rice plants + duck + pumpkin did not affect the population and intensity of iv attack.of S. incertulas attack. The population density and intensity of attack of S. incertulas were most commonly found in K treatment, especially when the rice plants were 7 WAP. Furthermore, from the results of the regression analysis the population density of S. incertulas only correlated with humidity. However, the intensity of S. incertulas attack was correlated with temperature, humidity, and abundance of parasitoids.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522040196 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests > 632.6 Animal pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Nov 2022 02:18 |
| Last Modified: | 17 Nov 2022 02:18 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/196368 |
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