Arifin, - and Dr. Akhmad Rizali,, SP., M.Si. and Dr. Silvi Ikawati,, SP., MP., M.Sc (2022) Pengaruh Komposisi Lanskap Terhadap Keanekaragaman Dan Kelimpahan Semut (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Pada Pertanaman Padi. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan semut berhubungan langsung dengan kondisi dan keadaan lingkungan disekitarnya. Peranan semut di alam dapat memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap lingkungan termasuk pada tanaman padi, seperti berperan sebagai predator, dekomposer, dan juga dapat berperan sebagai polinator. Semut mudah ditemui pada berbagai ekosistem darat, seperti ekosistem sawah. Pengelolaan lahan dan kompleksitas lanskap pertanian dapat mempengaruhi tingkat keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan serangga, tumbuhan dan mikroorganisme yang beraktivitas didalamnya melalui mekanisme siklus ekologi atau pengaturan aliran energi, air, dan keberadaan musuh alami termasuk semut. Kompleksitas lanskap juga dapat mempengaruhi tingkat spesies di lanskap tersebut. Produksi padi di Indonesia tidak terlepas dari pengaruh aktivitas hama dan juga faktor lingkungan. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kerakteristik karakteristik lanskap lokasi penelitian, mempelajari keanenkaragaman dan kelimpahan semut di lokasi penelitian pertanaman padi, mempelajari pengaruh cara budidaya dan kondisi habitat serta komposisi lanskap terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan semut pada pertanaman padi Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan Januari 2022 hingga bulan Maret 2022 pada 14 lahan yang berlokasi di tujuh kabupaten tersebar di tiga provinsi. Metode pelaksanaan yang dilakukan yang pertama yaitu pemetaan karakteristik lanskap dengan cara menggunakan peta satelit sebagai peta dasar, kemudian dilakukan deliniasi tipe penggunaan lahan yang berada pada lanskap dengan radius 500 meter dari lahan penelitian. Sesudah itu melakukan georeferencing dan digitasi menggunakan perangkat lunak QGIS. Proses perhitungan matrik pada raster dan lapisan vektor menggunakan perangkat lunak LecoS (Landscape Ecology Statistic). Penentuan lokasi penelitian berdasarkan hasil survei dan masing-masing lahan penelitian mempunyai satu plot pengamatan seluas 10m 2 . Didalam plot pengamatan terdapat empat perangakap pitfall yang dipasang selama 1x24 jam. Semut yang terperangkap akan dimasukan kedalam kantong plastik yang berisi alkohol 70% dan kemudian diidentifikasi menggunakan mikroskop USB yang didukung literatur untuk proses pengelompokan semut sampai tingkat morfospesies dan kemudian pengambilan data habitat dan data pendukung. Kerakteristik lanskap lokasi penelitian memiliki perbedaan tipe penggunaan lahan yang beragam, diantaranya didominasi oleh perkebunan, pertanian, hutan, dan pemukiman. Lanskap L01 dan L02 yang berada di Kabupaten Pasaman Barat, Sumatera Barat didominasi oleh perkebunan, sedangkan L03 (Purwerejo, Jawa Tengah), L07 (Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur), L08 (Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur), L09 (Ponorogo, Jawa Timur), L11 (Mojokerto, Jawa Timur), L13 (Gresik, Jawa Timur) didominasi oleh lahan pertanian, serta untuk L10 (Ponorogo, Jawa Timur) didominasi oleh pemukiman warga. Berdasarkan hasil dari proses identifikasi diperoleh keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan semut dari 14 lokasi penelitian sebanyak 546 individu yang terdiri dari 8 morfospesies. Kelimpahan semut paling banyak ditemukan pada L06 yang berlokasi di Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur sebanyak vi 116 individu dan 2 morfospesies. Disusul oleh L05 yang juga berlokasi di Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur dengan total individu sebanyak 68 dan 2 morfospesies. Kelimpahan semut paling sedikit ditemukan pada L08 yang berlokasi di Kabupaten Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur dengan total 14 individu dan 3 morfospesies, kemudian disusul oleh L01 yang berlokasi di Kabupate Pasaman Barat, Sumatera Barat dengan total 15 individu dan 2 morfospesies. Hasil dari analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa pemupukan dan pengaplikasian pestisida sintetik tidak berpengaruh terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan semut, dan berdasarkan analisis regresi menunjukan bahwa suhu dan kelembapan tidak berkorelasi terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan semut. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi komposisi lanskap lokasi penelitian menunjukan bahwa CA perkebunan berkorelasi terhadap keanekaragaman semut, namun tidak berkorelasi terhadap kelimpahan semut. NumP dan CA hutan, NumP perkebunan, NumP dan CA pertanian non padi, serta NumP dan CA lahan tanaman padi menunjukan tidak berkorelasi terhadap keanakaragaman dan kelimpahan semut
English Abstract
The diversity and abundance of ants is directly related to the conditions and circumstances of the surrounding environment. The role of ants in nature can have a positive influence on the environment, including rice plants, such as acting as predators, decomposers, and can also act as pollinators. Ants are easily found in various terrestrial ecosystems, such as rice field ecosystems. Land management and the complexity of agricultural landscapes can affect the level of diversity and abundance of insects, plants and microorganisms that operate in them through the mechanism of ecological cycles or regulation of the flow of energy, water, and the presence of natural enemies including ants. The complexity of the landscape can also affect the level of species in the landscape. Rice production in Indonesia is inseparable from the influence of pest activity and environmental factors. Therefore, this study aims to study the characteristics of the landscape characteristics of the research site, to study the diversity and abundance of ants in the rice field research location, to study the effect of cultivation methods and habitat conditions and landscape composition on the diversity and abundance of ants in rice cultivation. This research was carried out from January 2022 to March 2022 on 14 lands located in seven districts spread over three provinces. The first implementation method is mapping the characteristics of the landscape by using a satellite map as a base map, then delineating the types of land use in the landscape with a radius of 500 meters from the research area. After that do georeferencing and digitization using the QGIS application. The matrix calculation process on raster and vector layers uses LecoS (Landscape Ecology Statistics) analysis. The determination of the research location was based on the survey results and each research area had an observation plot of 10x10 meters. In the observation plot, there are four pitfalls that are installed for 1x24 hours. The trapped ants will be put into a plastic bag containing 70% alcohol and then identified using a USB microscope supported by literature for the process of grouping ants to the morphospecies level and then taking habitat data and supporting data. The characteristics of the landscape of the research location have different types of land use, which are dominated by plantations, agriculture, forests, and settlements. L01 and L02 landscapes located in West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra are dominated by plantations, while L03 (Purwerejo, Central Java), L07 (Sidoarjo, East Java), L08 (Sidoarjo, East Java), L09 (Ponorogo, East Java), L11 (Mojokerto, East Java), L13 (Gresik, East Java) are dominated by agricultural land, and L10 (Ponorogo, East Java) is dominated by residential areas. Based on the results of the identification process, the diversity and abundance of ants from 14 research sites was 546 individuals consisting of 8 morphospecies. The highest abundance of ants was found in L06, located in Malang Regency, East Java, with 116 individuals and 2 morphospecies. Followed by L05 which is also located in Malang Regency, East Java with a total of 68 individuals and 2 morphospecies. The least abundance of ants was found in L08 located in Sidoarjo Regency, East Java with a total of 14 individuals and 3 morphospecies, followed by L01 located viii in West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra with a total of 15 individuals and 2 morphospecies.The results of the analysis of variance showed that fertilization and the application of synthetic pesticides had no effect on the diversity and abundance of ants, and based on regression analysis showed that temperature and humidity were not correlated with the diversity and abundance of ants. Based on the results of the regression analysis of the landscape composition of the study site, it was shown that the CA of plantations was correlated with the diversity of ants, but not with the abundance of ants. NumP and CA for forest, NumP for plantation, NumP and CA for non-rice agriculture, and NumP and CA for rice plantations showed no correlation with diversity and abundance of ants.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522040175 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests > 632.6 Animal pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 15 Nov 2022 07:42 |
| Last Modified: | 15 Nov 2022 07:42 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/196339 |
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