Safitri, Riska Dewi and Dr. Ir. Mintarto Martosudiro,, M.S. (2021) Aktivitas Antijamur Ekstrak Daun Babadotan (Ageratum Conyzoides L.) Dan Kersen (Muntingia Calabura L.) Tunggal Maupun Campuran Terhadap Alternaria Sp. Penyebab Bercak Coklat. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang paling banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Namun dalam kegiatan budidaya tanaman tomat ditemukan beberapa kendala, salah satunya yaitu serangan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh jamur Alternaria sp.. Alternaria sp. dapat menyababkan penyakit bercak coklat yang mampu menyebabkan kehilangan hasil panen 5-78%. Untuk mengurangi dampak kerugian tersebut banyak petani yang mengaplikasikan fungisida sintetik secara intensif. Namun penggunaan fungisida tersebut dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi lingkungan. Oleh karena itu digunakan alternatif lain yaitu penggunaan fungisida nabati berbahan dasar daun tanaman babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) dan daun tanaman kersen (Muntingia calabura L.). Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui aktivitas antijamur ekstrak tunggal daun babadotan dan kersen serta campurannya sebagai bahan fungisida nabati untuk menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Alternaria sp. baik secara in vitro maupun in vivo. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari hingga September 2020 di Laboratorium Toksikologi Pestisida dan Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya. Sedangkan untuk uji fitokimia dilakukan di Laboratorium Unit Pelaksana Teknis (UPT) Materia Medica Batu. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Terdapat 6 taraf perlakukan dengan 4 kali pengulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari kontrol tanpa ekstrak, ektrak tunggal daun babadotan, ekstrak tunggal daun kersen, ekstrak campuran daun babadotan dan daun kersen 1:1, ekstrak campuran daun babadotan dan daun kersen 1:2, dan ekstrak campuran daun babadotan dan daun kersen 2:1. Konsentrasi ekstrak pada setiap perlakuan digunakan sebesar 50.000 ppm. Metode ekstrasi daun babadotan dan kersen menggunakan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol. Isolasi jamur Alternaria sp. dari buah tomat yang terifeksi jamur. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan secara in vitro dan in vivo. Parameter pengamatan secara in vitro, yaitu penghambatan melalui pengukuran diameter dan persentase daya hambat, serta berat kering miselium. Sedangkan parameter untuk pengujian ekstrak secara in vivo, yaitu diameter bercak, perkecambahan konidia, dan persentase massa buah sakit. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil pengamatan pengamatan dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA). Apabila perlakuan berbeda nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut BNT (beda nyata terkecil) dengan taraf kesalahan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun babadotan dan kersen tunggal maupun campuran mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Alternaria sp. baik secara in vitro dan in vivo dengan presentase daya hambat lebih dari 50%. Secara in vitro ekstrak yang memiliki kemampuan daya hambat terbaik, yaitu ekstrak daun babadotan tunggal. Sedangkan secara in vivo ekstrak yang memiliki kemampuan daya hambat terbaik, yaitu ekstrak daun babadotan tunggal dan campuran
English Abstract
The tomato plant (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) is one of the most cultivated plants in Indonesia. However, in the cultivation of tomato plants, several obstacles were found, one of which was the attack of a disease caused by the fungus Alternaria sp.. Alternaria sp. can cause arly blight disease which can cause yield loss of 5-78%. To reduce the impact of these losses, many farmers apply synthetic fungicides intensively. However, the use of these fungicides can have negative impacts on the environment. Therefore, another alternative is used, namely the use of botanical fungicides made from leaves of babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) and cherry (Muntingia calabura L.). The purpose of this study was to determine the antifungal activity of single extracts of ageratum and cherry leaves and their mixtures as plant-based fungicides to inhibit the growth of Alternaria sp. fungi both in vitro and in vivo. This research was conducted from January to September 2020 at the Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory and Plant Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University. Meanwhile, the phytochemical test was carried out at the Laboratory of the Technical Implementation Unit (UPT) Materia Medica Batu. The research design used was a randomized complete design (RAL). There are 6 levels of treatment with 4 repetitions. The treatments consisted of control without extract, single extract of ageratum leaves, single extract of cherry leaves, extract of 1:1 mixture of ageratum and cherry leaves, 1: 2 extract of a mixture of ageratum leaves and cherry leaves, and a mixture of extracts of ageratum leaves and 2: 1 cherry leaves. The extract concentration in each treatment was used at 50,000 ppm. The extraction method for babadotan and cherry leaves uses the maceration method using methanol as a solvent. Isolation of Alternaria sp. fungus from tomatoes infected with fungi. The research was carried out in vitro and in vivo. In vitro observation parameters, namely inhibition by measuring the diameter and percentage of inhibition, as well as dry weight of mycelium. Meanwhile, the parameters for extract testing in vivo were spot diameter, conidia germination, and mass percentage of diseased fruit. The data obtained from the observations were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). If the treatment is significantly different then it is continued with the LSD further test (the smallest significant difference) with an error level of 5%. The results showed that babadotan leaf extract and cherry single or mixed were able to inhibit the growth of Alternaria sp. both in vitro and in vivo with a percentage of inhibition of more than 50%. In vitro the extract that had the best inhibition ability was the single babadotan leaf extract. Whereas in vivo the extract that had the best inhibitory ability was the single babadotan leaf extract and its mixture.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0521040297 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests > 632.6 Animal pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Oct 2022 02:01 |
| Last Modified: | 06 Oct 2022 02:01 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/195368 |
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