Yustinaningrum, Diah and Prof. Dr. Abdul Hakim,, M. Si and Dr. Ir. Pudji Purwanti,, M. P (2018) Strategi Pengelolaan Ekosistem Mangrove Berbasis Masyarakat Di Pantai Clungup Desa Tambakrejo Kabupaten Malang. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Ekosistem mangrove memiliki peranan yang penting dalam pengelolaan kawasan pesisir dan lautan. Pemanfaatan sumberdaya mangrove yang berlebihan dan tidak memperhatikan kepentingan ekologis dapat menjadi ancaman utama keberlanjutan ekosistem ini. Dalam lima puluh tahun terakhir, di banyak negara berkembang konsep pengelolaan mangrove berbasis masyarakat dan dipandang penting dalam pemanfaatan sumberdaya yang berkelanjutan (Damastuti E, 2017). Di Indonesia sendiri, praktek pengelolaan ekositem mangrove berbasis masyarakat telah mampu memulihkan lebih dari 100 km2 hutan mangrove/ bakau (Field, 1999; Ronnback et al., 2007). Salah satunya ekosistem mangrove di Pantai Clungup, Desa Tambakrejo, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur. Pengelolaan pada kawasan ini cukup berhasil, dengan perlindungan dan rehabilitasi hutan mangrove seluas 73 Ha dari total area 81 Ha. Selain itu pemanfaatan ekosistem mangrove sebagai kawasan ekowisata mampu mengintegrasikan kegiatan pariwisata, konservasi, dan pemberdayaan masyarakat lokal. Keberhasilan pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove di kawasan ini dilakukan melalui pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove dengan melibatkan masyarakat. Mengingat rentannya ekosistem mangrove dan pentingnya peranan masyarakat sekitar dalam menjaga ekosistem ini, maka muncul pertanyaan tentang pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove yang dikembangkan oleh masyarakat lokal di Pantai Clungup, sehingga ekosistem mangrove di kawasan ini tetap terjaga dan lestari. Tujuan penelitian ini antara lain mendeskripskani upaya pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove yang dilakukan di Pantai Clungup, menganalisis tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dan faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove di Pantai Clungup, serta merumuskan strategi pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove berbasis masyarakat di Pantai Clungup. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kawasan Ekowisata Mangrove di Pantai Clungup, Dusun Sendang Biru, Desa Tambakrejo, Kecamatan Sumbermanjing Wetan, Kabupaten Malang pada bulan Maret - Juli 2017. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif, dan teknik yang dipergunakan adalah survey. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 40 KK. Analisa secara deskriptif digunakan untuk melihat pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove, kelembagaan dan dukungan pemerintah dalam pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove. Tingkat partisipasi masyarakat diketahui berdasarkan pada keterlibatan masyarakat dalam tahapan pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove. Faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat partisipasi masyarakat diketahui dengan menggunakan analisis komponen utama (PCA). x Pendekatan analisis SWOT digunakan untuk merumuskan strategi pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove berbasis masyarakat di Pantai Clungup. Upaya pelestarian ekosistem mangrove dilakukan mulai tahun 2005 oleh sekelompok masyarakat yang dipelopori oleh Bapak Saptoyo dan pada tahun 2012 dibentuk POKMAKWAS GOAL. Pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove di Pantai Clungup dilakukan melalui rehabilitasi/ penanaman kembali vegetasi mangrove, upaya perlindungan dengan konservasi kawasan ekosistem mangrove dan mulai tahun 2014 dilakukan pemanfaatan ekosistem mangrove sebagai kawasan ekowisata berbasis masyarakat. Kawasan ini dikelola oleh Yayasan Bhakti Alam Sendang Biru yang diprakarsai oleh masyarakat sekitar yang anggotanya merupakan anggota POKMAKWAS GOAL. Yayasan ini dibentuk tahun 2014 dan secara resmi berdiri pada tanggal 21 Maret 2016, berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia Nomor AHU- 0015997.AH.01.04. Sebagai bentuk dukungan pemerintah dalam pengelolaan ekosistem ini salah satunya melalui program Pengembangan Kawasan Pesisir Tangguh (PKPT) mulai tahun 2013 dan program pengembangan usaha ekonomi produktif yang mendukung pengembangan ekowisata mangrove pada tahun 2017. Tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan kawasan ekosistem mangrove di Pantai Clungup yang terdiri dari empat tahapan, yaitu perencanaan sebesar 42,5%, pelaksanaan (penanaman vegetasi mangrove) sebesar 50%, pemanfaatan (ekowisata mangrove) sebesar 52,5% dan evaluasi (pemeliharaan vegetasi mangrove) sebesar 45%. Tingkat partisipasi masyarakat pada masing – masing tahapan termasuk dalam kategori tinggi. Tingkat partisipasi ini menurut Arnstein (1969) masuk dalam kategori citizen power, dimana masyarakat mampu untuk merencanakan, dan melaksanakan program yang dibuatnya secara mandiri. Faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove di Pantai Clungup adalah: (1) Faktor Peran, Pengetahuan dan Keluarga yang meliputi: peran pemerintah, peran lembaga, persepsi, dan jumlah anggota keluarga; (2) Faktor Sosial Ekonomi yang terdiri dari umur, pendidikan dan pendapatan. Strategi pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove berbasis masyarakat di Pantai Clungup yang prioritas dilakukan antara lain: (1) Penguatan pengelolaan ekowisata mangrove di Pantai Clungup melalui peningkatan fungsi edukasi mengenai mangrove, peningkatan kualitas dan kenyamanan wisatawan, serta meningkatkan kualitas media komunikasi pengelola kawasan dengan perbaikan kualitas web/situs CMC sehingga dapat diakses oleh siapapun dan kapanpun; (2) Meningkatkan pemberdayaan masyarakat sekitar melalui pembentukan kelompok – kelompok usaha pengolahan baik makanan maupun kerajinan serta pemasaran produknya dengan pemdampingan dari Dinas Perikanan dan Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kabupaten Malang
English Abstract
Mangrove ecosystem has an important role in manage the area of coastal and marines. Excessive use of mangrove resources and regardless of ecological importance can be a major threat to the sustainability of this ecosystem. In the last fifty years, in many developing countries the concept of community based mangrove ecosystem management has seen as important in the sustainable use of resources (Damastuti E, 2017). In Indonesia, community based mangrove ecosystem management practices have been able to recover more than 100 km2 of mangrove forests (Field, 1999; Ronnback et al., 2007). One of the example is the mangrove ecosystem in Clungup Beach, Tambakrejo Village, Malang Regency, East Java Province. The Management of mangrove ecosystem in this area is quite successful, with the protection and rehabilitation of mangrove forest area of 73 Ha from the total area of 81 Ha. In addition, the utilization of mangrove ecosystem as an ecotourism area are able to integrate tourism activities, conservation, and empowerment of local communities. The successful management of mangrove ecosystem has done through the management of mangrove ecosystem by involving the community. Considering the vulnerability of mangrove ecosystems and the importance of the role of surrounding communities in maintaining this ecosystem, the question arises about the management of mangrove ecosystems developed by local communities in Clungup Beach, so that the mangrove ecosystem in this area is maintained and sustainable. This study aims to determine: (1) Description of efforts to manage mangrove ecosystem conducted in Clungup Beach; (2) The level of community participation in the management of mangrove ecosystems in Clungup Beach; (3) Factors influencing the level of community participation in the management of mangrove ecosystems in Clungup Beach; (4) Strategy on community based mangrove ecosystem management in Clungup Beach. The research was conducted in Mangrove Ecotourism Area in Clungup Beach, Sendang Biru Village, Tambakrejo Village, Sumbermanjing Wetan District, Malang Regency in March - July 2017. Descriptive method used to conduct the research, while the technique of the research used was survey. In accordance with the principle of descriptive method, the object of discussion will be describe precisely, detailed and clear. The Sampling technique using purposive sampling with the number of respondents as many as 40 households. Descriptive analysis used to see mangrove ecosystem management, institutional and government support in mangrove ecosystem management. The level of community participation obtained based on community involvement in the stage of mangrove ecosystem management. Major component analysis (PCA) is used to known the factors that influencing the level of community participation using. The SWOT xii analysis approach used to formulate the strategy for community-based mangrove ecosystem management in Clungup Beach. Efforts to conserve mangrove ecosystems carried out starting in 2005 by a group of people pioneered by Mr. Saptoyo and in 2012 formed POKMAKWAS GOAL. Management of mangrove ecosystem in Clungup Beach done through rehabilitation/replanting of mangrove vegetation, protection effort with conservation of mangrove ecosystem areas and starting in 2014 the utilization of mangrove ecosystem as community based ecotourism area began. This area managed by Yayasan Bhakti Alam Sendang Biru initiated by the communities that members came from the members of POKMAKWAS GOAL. The Foundation was formed in 2014 and officially established on March 21, 2016, based on Decree of the Minister of Justice and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia Number AHU-0015997.AH.01.04. As a form of government support in the management of this ecosystem one of them through the “Pengembangan Kawasan Pesisir Tangguh (PKPT)” program beginning in 2013 and the program of development of productive economic that support the development of mangrove ecotourism in 2017. The level of community participation in mangrove ecosystem management in Clungup Beach consists of four stages: 42.5% planning, mangrove vegetation implementation (50%), utilization (mangrove ecotourism) of 52.5% and evaluation (mangroves vegetation maintenance) by 45%. The level of community participation at each stage is included in the high category. This participation rate based to Arnstein (1969) is included in citizen power category, in which the society or comunities are able to plan, and implement the program it creates independently. The factors that influencing level of community participation in mangrove ecosystem management in Clungup Beach are: (1) Role Factor, Knowledge and Family, which include government role, institutional role, perception, and number of family members; (2) Socio-economic factors consisting of age, level of education and income. The strategy of community based mangrove ecosystem management in Clungup Beach priorities are: (1) Strengthening mangrove ecotourism management in Clungup Beach through the improvement of education function on mangrove, improving quality and comfort of visitors, and improving the quality of media communication of managers with the improvement quality on CMC website so it can be accessed by anyone and anytime; (2) Increasing the empowerment of communities through the establishment of the groups on food processing and handicraft manufacture as well as the marketing of their products with the assistance of the Department of Fisheries and the Office of Culture and Tourism of Malang Regency
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/583.763/PPS/s/2018/041806348 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Ekosistem Mangrove, Partisipasi Masyarakat, Pengelolaan Berbasis Masyarakat, Mangrove Ecosystem, Community Participation, Community Based Management |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 583 Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons) > 583.7 Rosidae > 583.76 Myrtales > 583.763 Rhizophoraceae and Sonneratiaceae |
| Divisions: | Program Pascasarjana > Magister Pengelolaan Lingkungan, Program Pascasarjana |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Aug 2022 07:34 |
| Last Modified: | 11 Aug 2022 07:34 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/193174 |
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