Riyadini, Amalia Ayuk and Dr. Ir. Maheno Sri Widodo,, MS and Dr. Ir. M. Fadjar,, M.Sc (2019) Identifikasi Morfologi Dan Karakteristik Genetik Ikan Uceng (Nemacheilus Fasciatus) Berdasarkan Gen Cytochrome Oxidase C Subunit I (Coi). Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Nemacheilus fasciatus merupakan ikan yang biasa hidup liar di beberapa aliran sungai di Jawa Timur. Ikan ini tergolong ke dalam genus Nemacheilus dan famili Nemacheilidae. Keberadaan ikan ini di perairan semakin menurun sehingga perlu dilakukan domestikasi. Proses domestikasi merupakan salah satu langkah penting dalam program pengembangan ikan liar menjadikan target budidaya. Untuk tujuan ini diperlukan informasi mengenai identifikasi spesies, karakter genetik dan analisis keragaman genetik sebagai plasma nutfah biodiversitas. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi N. fasciatus di beberapa perairan sungai di Jawa Timur melalui karakter morfologi dan genetiknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies N. fasciatus di Jawa Timur berdasarkan karakter morfologi, berdasarkan gen cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) dan menganalisis karakteristik genetik serta hubungan filogenetik N. fasciatus di Jawa Timur berdasarkan gen COI. Pengecekan spesies dan karakteristik genetika dilakukan dengan menggunakan DNA barcoding. DNA barcoding memberikan kecepatan dan keakuratan dalam identifikasi spesies dengan fokus analisis pada segmen kecil dari mtDNA, konfirmasi identitas sampel, melihat karakteristik genetik, pengecekan keragaman genetik dan kekerabatan, serta analisis filogenetik. DNA barcoding dalam penelitian menggunakan DNA mitokondria. COI sebagai barcode universal pada hewan dan secara global gen COI telah terpilih sebagai alat standar untuk taksonomi molekul dan identifikasi. Amplifikasi (PCR) gen COI dilakukan menggunakan kit GO TAQ Green PCR Mix dengan pasangan primer LCO1490 5‟-ggtcaacaaatcataaagatattgg3‟ dan HCO2198 5‟- taaacttcagggtgacca aaaaatca-3‟. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret sampai Mei 2019. Isolasi DNA, uji kualitatif dan kuantitatif DNA dan PCR dilakukan di Laboratorium Sentral Ilmu Hayati, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data karakter morfologi dilakukan dengan teknik observasi dan pengukuran langsung di lokasi penelitian, sedangkan informasi genetik diperoleh melalui tahapan perlakuan di laboratorium. Hasil identifikasi sampel yang dikumpulkan berdasarkan karakter morfologi (morfometrik dan meristik) diketahui bahwa seluruh sampel merupakan spesies Nemacheilus fasciatus. Karakter meristik yang dapat digunakan sebagai penciri spesies ini antara lain pada kanan dan kiri tubuhnya terdapat pola totol (band) memanjang longitudinal diseluruh tubuh dati arah depan ke arah sirip ekor berjumlah 12-18 buah, bola mata berwarna hitam besar, lubang hidung dekat satu sama lain, memiliki sepasang barbel pada mulut dan memiliki pola menyerupai pelana pada dorsal berjumlah 11-12. Hasil analisis truss xi morphometric diketahui terdapat perbedaan pengaruh antara daerah terhadap panjang tertentu tubuh ikan. Variabel pengukuran yang menunjukkan perbedaan antara lain A1, A2, C2, C5 karena memiliki nilai P<0,05. Gen cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) mampu digunakan sebagai penanda molekuler dalam mengidentifikasi spesies Nemacheilus fasciatus dengan menghasilkan sekuen nukleotida 640 bp. Karakteristik genetik Nemacheilus fasciatus berdasarkan gen COI sebagai penanda molekuler antara lain memiliki komposisi basa T=23,47%, C=19,51%, A=26,63% dan G=30,40%. Probabilitas substitusi transisi lebih besar yaitu dengan nilai tertinggi 18,65% pada basa A-G, sedangkan substitusi transversi nilai tertinggi hanya 5,83% pada basa T-G, dengan nilai koreksi dari total rasio transisi/transversi (R) sebesar 1,66%. Keragaman haplotipe tertinggi 1.00000 dan keragaman nukleotida (π) tertinggi dengan 0,40000. Jarak genetik antar sampel diketahui paling rendah 0,0000 yaitu jarak antara sampel Pasuruan 1, Pasuruan 2, Pasuruan 4 dan Pasuruan 5. Jarak genetik terjauh adalah 0,0371 yaitu jarak antara sampel Lumajang 1 dan Ponorogo 3. Kekerabatan genetik Nemacheilus fasciatus menghasilkan pohon filogenetik dengan selang kepercayan tinggi yaitu dengan nilai bootstrap 98%. Kelima belas sampel membentuk 12 haplotipe dengan mutasi terbanyak pada sampel Ponorogo 1, Ponorogo 2 dan Ponorogo 3. Berdasarkan penelitian dan analisis yang dilakukan, disarankan perlu dilakukan pengambilan sampel dalam jumlah yang lebih banyak untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang lebih lengkap mengenai spesies Nemacheilus fasciatus
English Abstract
Nemacheilus fasciatus is a fish that usually lives wild in several rivers in East Java. This fish belongs to the genus Nemacheilus and the family Nemacheilidae. The existence of these fish in the waters has decreased so that it needs to be done domestication. The domestication process is one of the important steps in the wild fish development program making it the cultivation target. For this purpose, information is needed regarding species identification, genetic character and genetic diversity analysis as biodiversity germplasm. Based on this, this study was conducted to identify N. fasciatus in several river waters in East Java through its morphological and genetic characters. This study aims to identify N. fasciatus species in East Java based on morphological characters, based on the cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) gene and analyze the genetic characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of N. fasciatus in East Java based on the COI gene. Checking species and genetic characteristics is done using DNA barcoding. DNA barcoding provides speed and accuracy in species identification with a focus on analysis of small segments of mtDNA, confirming sample identity, looking at genetic characteristics, checking genetic diversity and kinship, and phylogenetic analysis. DNA barcoding in the study used mitochondrial DNA. COI is a universal barcode on animals and globally the COI gene has been chosen as a standard tool for molecular taxonomy and identification. The amplification (PCR) of the COI gene was carried out using the GO TAQ Green PCR Mix kit with primary pairs LCO1490 5'-ggtcaacaaatcataaagatattgg3 'and HCO2198 5'- taaacttcagggtgacca aaaaatca-3'. This research was conducted in March to May 2019. DNA isolation, qualitative and quantitative tests of DNA and PCR were carried out at the Central Laboratory of Life Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang. The research method used is descriptive method with a quantitative approach. Morphological character data collection techniques were carried out by observation and measurement techniques directly at the study site, while genetic information was obtained through stages of treatment in the laboratory. The results of the identification of samples collected based on morphological (morphometric and meristic) characters are known that all samples are species of Nemacheilus fasciatus. Meristic characters that can be used as a characteristic of this species include the right and left of the body there are longitudinal dots around the body from the front towards the 12-18 caudal fins, large black eyeballs, close to each other's nostrils others, have a pair of barbells in the mouth and have a dorsal saddle-like pattern of 11-12. The results of the truss morphometric analysis show that there are differences in influence between regions on the specific length of the fish body. Measurement variables that show differences include A1, A2, C2, C5 because they have a value of P <0.05. xiii The cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) gene was able to be used as a molecular marker in identifying Nemacheilus fasciatus species by producing a nucleotide 640 bp sequence. Genetic characteristics of Nemacheilus fasciatus based on the COI gene as molecular markers include alkaline composition T = 23.47%, C = 19.51%, A = 26.63% and G = 30.40%. The transition probability substitution is greater, with the highest value of 18.65% in the A-G base, while the highest transversion substitution value is only 5.83% in the T-G base, with the correction value of the total transition / transversion (R) ratio of 1.66%. The highest diversity of haplotypes is 1.00000 and nucleotide diversity (π) is highest with 0,40000. The genetic distance between samples is at least 0.0000, which is the distance between the samples of Pasuruan 1, Pasuruan 2, Pasuruan 4 and Pasuruan 5. The farthest genetic distance is 0.0371, which is the distance between Lumajang 1 and Ponorogo samples. 3. Genetic kinship of Nemacheilus fasciatus with a high confidence interval with a 98% bootstrap value. The fifteen samples formed 12 haplotypes with the most mutations in the Ponorogo 1, Ponorogo 2 and Ponorogo 3 samples. Based on the research and analysis conducted, it is recommended that more samples be taken to obtain a more complete picture of the species Nemacheilus fasciatus
Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
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Identification Number: | TES/597.48/FPIK/i/2019/041804272 |
Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 597 Cold-blooded vertebrates > 597.4 Miscellaneous superorders of Actinopterygii > 597.48 Cypriniformes |
Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan |
Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
Date Deposited: | 11 Aug 2022 02:57 |
Last Modified: | 11 Aug 2022 02:57 |
URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/193136 |
Text
Laporan Tesis (Amalia Ayuk R. - 156080100111021).pdf Download (5MB) |
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