Wibowo, Raden Roro Almira Linda and Dr. Agr. Sc. Hagus Tarno,, SP., MP (2021) Bioaktivitas Ekstrak Tumbuhan Jotang (Spilanthes Paniculata) Terhadap Ulat Grayak Jagung, Spodoptera Frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tumbuhan jotang (S. paniculata) dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebagai obat tradisional untuk sakit gigi. Daun, batang, dan akar jotang juga dapat mengatasi diare, inflamasi, luka, dan luka bakar. Tumbuhan jotang mudah tumbuh dan ditemukan sekitar tanaman padi dan jagung. Namun, pemanfaatan jotang sebagai pestisida nabati terhadap serangga hama invasif pada tanaman jagung belum dilakukan. Hama S. frugiperda adalah hama yang bersifat polifag dengan kisaran inang luas. Larva S. frugiperda menjadi hama utama pada komoditas jagung di Indonesia dan mampu menyebabkan kerusakan hingga 100%. Penggunaan insektisida nabati untuk mengendalikan hama menjadi alternatif karena tidak mencemari lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bioaktivitas ekstrak tumbuhan jotang sebagai insektisida nabati terhadap hama S. frugiperda. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Hama Tumbuhan 2, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya pada bulan April hingga Juli 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 7 perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan dengan aplikasi ekstrak daun dan bunga jotang terhadap S. frugiperda dengan masing-masing 3 taraf konsentrasi yaitu 5,0%, 7,5%, dan 10,0% selama 6 hari. Ekstrak jotang dibuat dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Variabel pengamatan penelitian ini adalah toksisitas meliputi mortalitas larva, penyusutan bobot larva, keberhasilan pupa dan imago, dan perhambatan makan (antifeedant). Hasil pengamatan di analisis menggunakan analisis sidik ragam. Apabila hasil sidik ragam berbeda nyata, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun dan bunga jotang berbagai konsentrasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap mortalitas, penyusutan bobot larva, keberhasilan pupa dan imago, serta penurunan aktivitas makan larva. Ekstrak bunga jotang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ekstrak daun jotang karena mampu mematikan larva S. frugiperda hingga 72,00%. Ekstrak bunga jotang juga dapat menurunkan bobot larva hingga 89,20%, menekan pembentukan pupa dan imago, dan menurunkan makan larva sampai 74,87%. Ekstrak daun jotang hanya mampu mematikan larva hingga 64,00%, menurunkan bobot larva sampai 59,91%, dan menurunkan aktivitas makan larva sampai 58,24%. Tumbuhan jotang terutama bagian bunga dapat dijadikan sebagai insektisida nabati alternatif dalam pengendalian hama S. frugiperda, karena senyawa metabolit sekunder pada bagian bunga memiliki kemampuan mematikan, menghambat perkembangan, dan menurunkan aktivitas makan S. frugiperda yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ekstrak daun jotang
English Abstract
Toothache plant (S. paniculata) is used by the community as traditional medicine for toothache. The body part of plant such as leaves, stem, and root also has medicinal properties for imflamation, wound, dan burns. Toothache plants are invasive plant that grow around paddy and corn field. However, the uses of toothache plant as botanical insectice against invasive pests has not been done. Fall armyworm, S. frugiperda is an invasive and polyphagous pest with a wide host range. The larvae of S. frugiperda is a major pest of corn in Indonesia. The larvae can cause severe damage in corn plantation up to 100%. The uses of botanical insecticide became the alternative for pest control because it does not pollute the environment. This study aims to examine the bioactivity of toothache plant extract as a biopesticide against S. frugiperda. This research was carried out in Plant Pest Laboratory 2 and Toxicology Pesticides Laboratory, Plant Pests and Diseases Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University from June until October 2021. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with seven treatments and repeated 5 times. The implementation of the research was carried out by the application of leaf and flower extracts against S. frugiperda with three levels of concentration each, namely 7%, 10%, 13%, and 0% as control in 6 days. The extraction technique is using maceration method with 96% ethanol as solvent. Observation variables included a larval mortality, decreased of larval weight, success of forming pupae and imago, and feeding deterrent activity of larvae. The data obtained was analyzed with analysis of variance at 5% of error level. If there were significant differences between treatm ents, a further test was carried out with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Based on the research result, leaf and flower extract of tootache plant with several concentration has significant effect on larval mortality, decreased of larval weight, successed of pupae and imago, and feeding detterent activity of larvae. The flower extract has better result compared with leaf extract. The flower extract has larval mortality up to 72,00%. This extract also able to decreased larval weight up tp 89,20%, inhibit pupation and emergence of imago, and inhibit larval feeding activity up to 74,87%. The leaf extract of tootache plant only has larval mortality up to 64,00%. This extract also only able to decreased larval weight up to 59,91% and inhibit larval feeding activity up to 58,24%. The toothache plant can be used as an alternative of botanical insecticide in order to control S. frugiperda because of its secondary metabolie compound that causes larval mortality, decreased larval weight, inhibit growth, and feeding deterrent activity of larvae
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0521040262 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests > 632.6 Animal pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Jul 2022 04:20 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Jul 2022 04:20 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/192849 |
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