Fardiyanti, Maretha Indah and Prof. Dr. Ir. Ludji Pantja Astuti,, M.S. and Dr. Akhmad Rizali,, S.P., M.Si (2021) Aplikasi Fumigan dan Uji Repelensi Ekstrak Rimpang Kunyit terhadap Biologi Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kelimpahan hasil panen produk pertanian perlu disimpan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen. Bahan pangan yang diterima konsumen harus dijamin nilai mutunya seperti aman dari serangan hama karena kehilangan hasil di tempat penyimpanan akan menyebabkan kerugian secara kualitas dan kuantitas. Jagung merupakan bahan pangan pokok sebagian penduduk selain beras. Salah satu hama yang menyerang jagung di tempat penyimpanan adalah Sitophilus zeamais. Kehilangan hasil akibat hama ini berkisar antara 20–90%. Pengendalian menggunakan bahan kimia seperti fumigan sering digunakan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Akan tetapi, penggunaan bahan kimia secara terus- menerus dapat mencemari lingkungan. Salah satu alternatif yang dapat dijadikan solusi yaitu dengan memanfaatkan fumigan nabati seperti rimpang kunyit. Kandungan senyawa yang terdapat pada rimpang kunyit terbukti efektif untuk mengendalikan hama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh aplikasi fumigan dan uji repelensiekstrak rimpang kunyit terhadap biologi S. zeamais. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Hama Tumbuhan, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan (HPT), Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya pada bulan April hingga September 2021 dengan rerata suhu 27,70°C dan kelembapan 63%. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari tiga tingkat konsentrasi fumigan dan kontrol yang diulang sebanyak lima kali. Konsentrasi fumigan yang digunakan yaitu 2 mL/L, 4 mL/L, dan 6 mL/L. Pembuatan fumigan dilakukan dengan cara mencampur ekstrak rimpang kunyit dan 4 g talk kemudian dicetak menjadi bentuk tablet. Parameter pengamatan penelitian terdiri dari uji biologi dan uji repelensi fumigan ekstrak rimpang kunyit terhadap imago S. zeamais. Variabel pengamatan uji biologi terdiri dari mortalitas imago S. zeamais, jumlah telur, penurunan jumlah telur imago S. zeamais, kerusakan biji, penurunan berat pakan, dan penghambatan makan imago S. zeamais. Imago S. zeamais sebanyak 15 pasang diinfestasikan dalam 30 g jagung kemudian dipaparkan fumigan ekstrak rimpang kunyit selama tujuh hari. Pada uji repelensi menggunakan 10 pasang imago S. zeamais dengan variabel pengamatan yaitu menghitung jumlah imago S. zeamais yang hadir pada area perlakuan dan kontrol setiap1, 2, 3, 4, 5, dan 6 jam setelah infestasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat diketahui bahwa pada perlakuan aplikasi fumigan dan uji repelensi ekstrak rimpang kunyit berpengaruh terhadap biologi S. zeamais. Fumigan ekstrak rimpang kunyit mampu menyebabkan mortalitas imago S. zeamais berkisar antara 90,31–100,00%, penurunan jumlah telur imago berkisar antara 45,17–73,94% dan penghambatan makan imago berkisar antara 6,10– 30,87%. Hasil uji repelensi menunjukkan indeks repelensi berkisar antara 49,67– 74,33% yang termasuk dalam tingkat repelensi agak kuat hingga kuat.
English Abstract
The abundance of agricultural product needs to be maintained to supply necessity of consumers. Foodstuffs received by consumers must be guaranteed quality values such as safe from pests attack because loss of product in storage will cause losses in quality and quantity. Maize is a staple food for most of the population besides rice. One of the pests that attack maize in storage is Sitophilus zeamais. Product losses due to the pest range from 20–90%. Control use chemicals product such as fumigants is often used to overcome these problem. However, the continuous use of chemicals product can be pollute the environment. One of alternative that can be use as a solution is to use botanical fumigant such as turmeric rhizome. The compound content which contained in turmeric rhizome is proven to be effective in controlling pests. This research aims to determine the effect of fumigant application and repellency test of turmeric rhizome extract on the biology of S. zeamais. The research was conducted at the Plant Pests Laboratory, Department of Pest and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University in April until September 2021 with an average temperature of 27,70°C and humidity of 63%. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of three levels of fumigant concentration and a control that was repeated as much as five replications.The concentrations of the fumigants used in the treatments are 2 mL/L, 4 mL/L, and 6 mL/L. The fumigant was made by mixing turmeric rhizome extract and 4 g of talc and then molded into tablet form. Parameters of research observation consisted of biological test and repellency test of fumigant turmeric rhizome extract against S. zeamais adult. The observational variables of the biological test consisted of mortality of S. zeamais adult, number of eggs, reductionnumber of eggs of S. zeamais adult, seed damage, weight loss, and feeding deterrent of S.zeamais adult. 15 pairs of S. zeamais adults were infested in 30 g of maize and then exposed to fumigant turmeric rhizome extract for seven days. The repellency test used 10 pairs of S. zeamais adults with the observation variable counting the amount of S. zeamais adult presencein the treatment and control areas every 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours after infestation. The result of the research, it can be seen that the treatment of fumigant application and the repellency test of turmeric rhizome extract had an effect on the biology of S. zeamais. Fumigantof turmeric rhizome extract were able to cause mortality of S. zeamais adults ranges from 90,31–100,00%, reduction number of egg S. zeamais adults ranges from 39,71–73,94% and feeding deterrent of adults ranges from 6,10–30,87%. The result of the repellency test showed that the repellency index ranges from 49,67–74,33% which was included in the repellency level of moderately strong to strong.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0521040235 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests > 632.6 Animal pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 26 Jul 2022 02:07 |
| Last Modified: | 26 Jul 2022 02:07 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/192674 |
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