Putri, Novia Dwi and Luqman Qurata Aini ,, SP, M.Si., Ph.D and Dr. Anton Muhibuddin,, SP., MP (2022) Potensi Jamur Endofit Dalam Menekan Patogen Pyricularia Oryzae Cavara Penyebab Penyakit Blas Pada Tanaman Padi. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Penyakit blas pada tanaman padi yang disebabkan oleh jamur Pyricularia oryzae telah menyebabkan kehilangan hasil panen yang signifikan. Upaya pengendalian penyakit blas yang umum dilakukan ialah penggunaan varietas tahan. Penanaman varietas tahan pada awalnya efektif dalam menekan penyakit blas, namun dalam banyak kasus, seiring berjalannya waktu, menjadi tidak efektif karena munculnya ras baru. Pengendalian penyakit dengan menggunakan agen biologis pada inang untuk mencegah perkembangan penyakit oleh patogen dapat menjadi alternatif. Dari hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebanyak 50 isolat jamur endofit berhasil diisolasi dari jaringan tanaman padi. Seluruh isolat jamur diuji kemampuannya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur P. oryzae melalui uji antagonis dan didapatkan 3 jamur endofit terpilih. Ketiga jamur endofit tersebut diidentifikasi sebagai Trichoderma asperellum, Curvularia chiangmaiensis, dan Fusarium solani melalui analisis sekuen ITS jamur. Ketiga jamur tersebut memiliki kemampuan untuk manghasilkan enzim kitinase sebesar 1.43 - 1.51 g/mL dan selulase sebesar 1.83 - 4.09 g/mL, yang merupakan enzim hidrolitik yang berperan dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur patogen tanaman. Hasil SEM menunjukkan bahwa jamur endofit menyebabkan hifa jamur P. oryzae menjadi mengkerut dan tumbuh abnormal. Pada pengamatan persentase intensitas serangan penyakit (IP), pemberian jamur endofit dapat menekan IP mencapai 3.55 - 6.03 % dibandingkan dengan kontrol sebesar 26.43 %. Selain itu, dalam kaitannya dengan merangsang pertumbuhan tanaman, ketiga jamur endofit dapat menghasilkan IAA sebesar 4.13 - 6.00 μg/mL dan melarutkan fosfat (P) sebesar 2.74 - 17.67 μg/mL. Sedangkan pada pengamatan pertumbuhan tanaman, tinggi tanaman padi lebih tinggi pada perlakuan penambahan jamur endofit dibandingkan dengan kontrol, sedangkan jumlah pelepah tanaman padi lebih banyak pada perlakuan penambahan jamur T. asperellum.
English Abstract
The blast disease of rice caused by the fungus Pyricularia oryzae has caused significant yield losses. Efforts to control blast disease that are commonly carried out are the use of resistant varieties. Planting resistant varieties is initially effective in suppressing blast disease, but in many cases, over time, it becomes ineffective due to the emergence of new breeds. Disease control by using biological agents in the host to prevent the development of disease by pathogens can be an alternative. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that as many as 50 isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated from rice plant tissue. All fungal isolates were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of P. oryzae by antagonist test and found 3 selected endophytic fungi. The three endophytic fungi were identified as Trichoderma asperellum, Curvularia chiangmaiensis, and Fusarium solani by analizing fungal ITS sequence. The three fungi have the ability to produce 1.43 - 1.51 g/mL chitinase enzymes and 1.83 - 4.09 g/mL cellulases, which are hydrolytic enzymes that play a role in inhibiting the growth of plant pathogenic fungi. SEM results showed that endophytic fungi caused P. oryzae hyphae to shrink and grow abnormally. In observing the percentage of disease intensity (IP), the administration of endophytic fungi can suppress IP reaching 3.55 - 6.03% compared to the control of 26.43%. In addition, in relation to stimulating plant growth, the three endophytic fungi can produce IAA of 4.13 - 6.00 g/mL and solubilize phosphate (P) of 2.74 - 17.67 g/mL. Meanwhile, in the observation of plant growth, the height of rice plants was higher in the treatment with the addition of endophytic fungi than the control, while the number of midribs of rice plants was higher in the treatment with the addition of T. asperellum.
Other obstract
-
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0422040001 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests > 632.6 Animal pests |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Pengelolaan Tanah dan Air, Fakultas Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 19 Jul 2022 09:02 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Jul 2022 09:02 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/192347 |
![[thumbnail of DALAM MASA EMBARGO]](http://repository.ub.ac.id/style/images/fileicons/text.png) |
Text (DALAM MASA EMBARGO)
novia dwi putri.pdf Restricted to Registered users only until 31 December 2024. Download (3MB) |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |