Aulya, Sagita Ayu Nur (2020) Eksplorasi Jamur Endofit pada Akar dan Daun Anggrek Dendrobium (Dendrobium sp.) dan Potensi Antagonismenya Terhadap Penyakit Bercak Daun Cecospora (Cercospora Sp.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Anggrek Dendrobium (Dendrobium sp.) merupakan genus terbesar dari famili Orchidaceae. Anggrek ini sering diteliti karena kandungan senyawa bioaktif obatnya dan interaksinya dengan mikoriza, akan tetapi relatif kurang dieksplorasi keberadaan jamur endofitnya. Anggrek Dendrobium dapat berasosiasi dengan jamur endofit membentuk simbiosis mutualisme. Jamur endofit dapat bermanfaat sebagai agens biokontrol menekan pertumbuhan jamur patogen Cercospora sp. penyebab penyakit bercak daun pada anggrek Dendrobium. Persentase serangan penyakit ini dapat mencapai lebih dari 90% dari 500 saham pembibitan anggrek Dendrobium. Pengendalian penyakit tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan agens biokontrol berupa jamur endofit sebagai fungisida hayati. Jamur endofit memiliki kelebihan yaitu ramah lingkungan jika dibandingkan dengan penyemprotan fungisida kimia yang justru dapat merusak kelestarian lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk, (1) mengetahui keanekaragaman genus jamur endofit pada akar dan daun anggrek Dendrobium, (2) mengetahui jamur indofit yang berpotensi sebagai agens biokontrol dalam menekan patogen Cercospora sp. dan (3) mengetahui jamur endofit dengan persentase penghambatan terbaik dalam menekan patogen Cercospora sp. penyebab penyakit bercak daun Cercospora. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai Oktober 2019 di pembudidayaan tanaman anggrek DD Orchid Nursery, Junrejo, Kota Batu dan Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya Malang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi survei lokasi, sterilisasi alat dan bahan, pembuatan media tumbuh jamur, isolasi jamur endofit dan patogen, uji patogenesitas pada jamur endofit dan uji Postulat Koch pada jamur patogen, pengamatan dan identifikasi, dan pengujian antagonis jamur endofit dengan jamur patogen Cercospora sp.. Metode analisis data menggunaka metode analisis dengan uji ANOVA, apabila perlakuan terdapat perbedaan nyata, maka dilanjutkan dengan Uji Duncan (DMRT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian antara lain terdapat 12 isolat jamur endofit yang berhasil ditemukan dari akar dan daun tanaman anggrek. Dua belas isolat tersebut terdiri dari 9 isolat yang telah teridentifikasi antara lain, Aspergillus sp. 1, Acremonium sp., Aspergillus sp. 2, Aspergillus sp. 3, Aspergillus sp. 4, Penicillium sp. 1, Gonatobotryum sp., Penicillium sp. 2, Trichoderma sp. Serta 3 isolat yang belum teridentifikasi Endofit 1, Endofit 2 dan Endofit 3. Persentase hambatan terbesar terdapat pada isolat Aspergillus sp. 3 dan Trichoderma sp. dengan nilai rerata persentase hambatan adalah 100.0%. Sedangkan persentase hambatan terendah terdapat pada isolat Aspergillus sp. 4. Dengan nilai rerata persentase hambatan adalah 32.5%.
English Abstract
Dendrobium orchid (Dendrobium sp.) is the largest genus of the Orchidaceae family. This orchid is often researched because of their medical bioactive compound and their interactions with mycorrhizae, however, their fungal endophytic communities are relatively less explored. Dendrobium orchids can associate with endophytic fungi formed symbiosis of mutualism. Endophytic fungi can be useful as biocontrol agents to suppressed the growth of pathogen Cercospora sp. causes of leaf spot disease in Dendrobium orchids. The percentage of this disease attack can reach more than 90% of 500 Dendrobium nursery stock. Control of Cercospora leaf spot can be resolved by biocontrol agents used antagonistic fungi. Endophytic fungi have advantages such as being environmentally friendly compared to spraying chemical fungicides which actually can be damaged the environment. The aims of the present study are, (1) to determine the diversity of endophytic fungi in the roots and leaves of Dendrobium orchid, (2) to determine the endophytic fungi that have potential as biocontrol agents to supressed of Cercospora sp. and (3) to detemine endophytic fungus with the best percentage of inhibition to supressed Cercospora leaf spot caused by Cercospora sp. This study was conducted in February until October 2019 at DD Orchid Nursery orchid cultivation, Junrejo, Batu City and Plant Disease Laboratory, Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang. The study methods is surveying location, sterilization of tools and materials, manufacturing of Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), isolation of endophytic and pathogen fungi, Koch’s Postulate test and pathogenicity test, observation and identification, and antagonicity tests between endophytic fungi and pathogen fungi. Data analysis of this study used analytical methods with ANOVA test at the level of 5% (0.05 If the result of antagonicity tests is significantly different, if the treatment results are real differences, then proceed with the Duncan Test (DMRT) at error level 5%. The results of study showed 12 endophytic fungi isolates that have been successfully isolated from the roots and leaves of orchid plants. Twelve isolates composed of 9 identified isolates, among others Aspergillus sp. 1, Acremonium sp., Aspergillus sp. 2, Aspergillus sp. 3, Aspergillus sp. 4, Penicillium sp. 1, Gonatobotryum sp., Penicillium sp. 2, Trichoderma sp. and 3 isolates were unidentified among other Endophytic 1, Endophytic 2 and Endophytic 3. The highest percentage of inhibition was Aspergillus sp. 3 and Trichoderma sp. with mean percentage of resistance is 100.0%. While the lowest percentage of inhibition was founded in isolates of Aspergillus sp. 4. with mean percentage of resistance is 32.5%.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2020/74/052003728 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.8 Mushrooms and truffles |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Aug 2020 06:45 |
| Last Modified: | 02 Oct 2024 07:41 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/181140 |
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