Mardhatillah, Dini (2020) Pengaruh Perbedaan Konsentrasi Larutan N-NO3 - Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum) Sistem Hidroponik Substrat. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum) kaya akan vitamin A, vitamin C, likopen, serat, protein dan antioksidan. Pada 2019 diperkirakan produksi tomat masih stabil, namun tahun 2021 diprediksi mengalami defisit sebesar 7.771 ton, karena menurunnya luas lahan (Kementerian pertanian, 2017). Oleh sebab itu perlu meningkatkan kuantitas dan kualitas tanaman tomat, salah satu caranya yaitu dengan penambahan nitrogen dalam bentuk nitrat. Nitrat bergerak dalam xilem dan dapat disimpan dalam vakuola, akar dan pucuk tanaman, selain itu pemberian konsentrasi nitrat yang tepat dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman. Konsentrasi 5 mM nitrat memberikan hasil yang lebih baik daripada konsentrasi 2 mM nitrat terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tomat (Hajaji et al., 2008). Larutan nutrisi yang umum digunakan pada sistem hidroponik adalah larutan nutrisi AB mix dan Hoagland. N-NO3 - yang terkandung di dalam larutan nutrisi AB mix sebanyak 641,94 mg/liter dan kandungan nitrogen dalam larutan Hoagland 210 mg/liter, sedangkan kebutuhan nitrat tanaman tomat sebesar 232,996 mg/liter (Sastro dan Rokhmana, 2016; Susila, 2006). Berdasarkan permasalahan terhadap beberapa penentuan konsentrasi N-NO3 - pada berbagai larutan nutrisi tomat yang ditanam secara hidroponik, maka perlu didapatkan dan dipelajari konsentrasi N-NO3 - yang sesuai untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tomat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di screen house Fakultas Pertanian Universiatas Brawijaya, dengan ketinggian 490 mdpl. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April-Juli 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap (RAKL). Terdapat 4 perlakuan dengan 6 kali ulangan, setiap percobaan terdiri dari 4 tanaman. Perlakuan tersebut terdiri dari P0 : Larutan nutrisi AB mix (kontrol) P1 : Larutan nutrisi Hoagland 2,5 mM nitrat, P2 : Larutan nutrisi Hoagland 5 mM nitrat dan P3 : Larutan nutrisi Hoagland 7,5 mM nitrat. Pelaksanaan penelitian terdiri dari pembuatan irigasi tetes, pembibitan, penanaman, pemeliharaan, dan panen. Pengamatan pertumbuhan terdiri dari pengamatan tinggi tanaman (cm), jumlah daun (helai), luas daun (cm2 ) per tanaman, dan jumlah tandan. Pengamatan komponen hasil berupa jumlah buah per tanaman dan bobot buah per tanaman. Pengamatan kualitas buah meliputi tingkat kekerasan buah (mm/g/s), total padatan terlarut (Brix), kandungan vitamin C (mg/g) likopen (mg/liter) dan betakaroten (mg/liter). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunkan analisis ragam (uji F) dengan taraf nyata 5% selanjutnya untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar perlakuan dilakukan uji lanjut dengan menggunakan BNT pada taraf 5%. Perlakuan larutan nutrisi Hoagland 7,5 mM nitrat memberikan hasil yang sama dengan larutan nutrisi AB mix ditinjau dari pertumbuhan tanaman tomat, sedangkan berdasarkan total bobot panen buah tomat perlakuan larutan nutrisi Hoagland 7,5 mM nitrat memberikan hasil tertinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Pengamatan kualitas buah berupa kandungan likopen, betakaroten, tingkat kekerasan buah menunjukkan tidak berbeda nyata antar semua perlakuan, sedangkan kandungan vitamin C perlakuan larutan nutrisi AB mix dan larutan nutrisi Hoagland 7,5 mM nitrat memiliki nilai yang lebih tinggi daripada larutan nutrisi Hoagland 5 dan 2,5 mM nitrat. Pengamatan total padatan terlarut perlakuan larutan nutrisi AB mix menunjukkan nilai tertinggi.
English Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is rich in vitamin A, vitamin C, lycopene, fiber, protein and antioxidants. In 2019 it is estimated that tomato production is still stable, but 2021 is expected to deficit by 7,771 tons, so it needs to increase the quantity of plant tomatoes (Kementerian Pertanian, 2017). Therefore it is necessary to improve the quality and quantity of tomato plants, one way to the addition of the nitrogen in the form of nitrate. Nitrate moves in xylem and can be stored in vacuoles, root and shoots of plants, besides giving the right nitrate increases te growth and yield of tomato plants. The concentration of mix nitrate gives better results than the concentration of tomato plant. (Hajaji et al., 2008). The nutritional solution commonly used on hydroponic system is AB mix and Hoagland nutrient solutions. NO3 - contained in AB mix nutrient solution was 641,94 mg/liter and the nitrate content of Hoagland solution was 210 mg/liter, while the need nitrate plants of tomatoes plant 232,996 mg/liter (Sastro dan Rokhmana, 2016; Susila, 2006) Where need to be looking for the right concentration of nitrate in the hoagland solution so as to increase the growth, results and quality of tomato plants. This experiment was carried out in the srcenn house of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universiatas Brawijaya, with an altitude of 490 m asl. The study was conducted in April-July 2019. This study used a randomized block complete design (RCBD). There were 4 treatments with 6 replications, each experiment consisted of 4 plants so that there were 96 experiments. The treatment consisted of P0 : AB mix nutrient solution (control), P1: Hoagland nutrient solution 2.5 mM nitrate, P2: Hoagland nutrient solution 5 mM nitrate and P3 : 7.5 mM nitrate Hoagland nutrient solution. The research consisted of making drip irrigation, seeding, planting, maintaining, and harvesting. Growth observation consists of observing plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), leaf area (cm) of cropping and number of bunches. Observation of yield components in the form of the number of planted fruits, the number of fruit per plot, total fruit weight. Planting weight, fruit weight per plot, and total fruit weight. Observation of fruit quality includes the level of fruit hardness (mm/g/s), total dissolved solids (Brix), vitamin C content and lycopene. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (F test) with a significance level of 5%. Furthermore, to determine the differences between treatments, further tests were performed using at 5% level. The treatment of Hoagland nutrient solution 7.5 mM nitrate gave the same results with the AB mix nutrient solution in terms of tomato plant growth. While based on the total weight of harvest of tomato fruits 7.5 mM nitrat Hoagland nutrient solution gives the highest yield compared to other treatments. Observation of fruit quality in the form of lycopene, beta-carotene, the level of fruit hardness showed no significant difference between all treatments, while the vitamin C content of the AB mix nutrient solution and the Hoagland nutrient solution 7.5 mM nitrate had a higher value than the nutrient solution Hoagland 5 and 2 .5 mM nitrate. Observation of the total dissolved solids treated AB mix nutrient solution showed the highest value.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2020/61/052003715 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.6 Edible garden fruits and seeds > 635.64 Other garden fruits > 635.642 Tomatoes |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Aug 2020 06:46 |
| Last Modified: | 11 Apr 2023 04:53 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/181122 |
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