Wardani, Bayu Krisna (2020) Kebijakan Amerika Serikat Menghapus Embargo Ekonomi Sudan Pada Tahun 2017. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Embargo telah menjadi alat politik bagi suatu negara untuk mencapai berbagai tujuan kebijakan luar negeri, seperti resolusi konflik, promosi HAM, nonproliferasi maupun demokrasi. Pada 3 November 1997, Amerika Serikat menjatuhkan sanksi berupa embargo ekonomi terhadap Sudan melalui Executive Order (EO) 13067. Kebijakan tersebut dilatarbelakangi adanya dukungan yang diberikan Sudan terhadap gerakan terorisme. Sanksi tersebut berkembang karena adanya konflik internal yang terjadi di Sudan. Pada 13 Januari 2017 pemerintah AS menghapus embargo Sudan melalui EO 13761, sebab AS menganggap bahwa pemerintah Sudan telah melakukan tindakan-tindakan positif serta kooperatif dalam mengurangi tindakan kekerasan terhadap pelanggaran HAM di daerahdaerah konflik di Sudan. Namun, kebijakan AS tersebut mendapatkan respon negatif dari Amnesty International dan Human Rights Watch, sebab terdapat temuan-temuan bahwa pemerintah Sudan belum memenuhi faktor-faktor yang tertera dalam EO 13761. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses pengambilan kebijakan Pemerintah Amerika Serikat dalam menghapus embargo ekonomi Sudan pada tahun 2017. Penelitian ini bersifat eksplanatif, untuk menjelaskan keterkaitan antar-proses dari pengambilan kebijakan luar negeri yang dilakukan oleh Amerika Serikat terhadap Sudan dengan menggunakan salah satu model pengambilan kebijakan Graham Allison, yaitu Rational Actor Model (RAM). RAM dipilih sebab model ini melihat bagaimana perilaku aktor rasional, dalam hal ini adalah negara. Selain itu, dalam model pertama timbal balik keputusan yang dihasilkan dapat berupa ancaman atau bahkan kesempatan. Kebijakan AS dalam masa pemerintahan Obama dihasilkan dari rasionalitas pengambil kebijakan dengan memaksimalkan cost dan benefits dari setiap pilihan kebijakan yang telah ditentukan berdasarkan relevansinya dengan isu atau permasalahan yang terkait
English Abstract
The embargo has become a political tool for the state to achieve foreign policy objectives, such as conflict resolution, promotion of human rights, nonproliferation as well as democracy. On November 3, 1997, the United States imposed an economic embargo sanction on Sudan through Executive Order (EO) 13067. This policy was motivated as Sudan's support for the terrorist movement. These sanctions continued because of internal conflicts that occurred in Sudan. On January 13, 2017 the US government considered the Sudanese embargo through EO 13761, because US considered that the Sudanese government took positive and cooperative action by reduced human rights abused in several conflicts area. However, this US policy received a negative response from Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, because they found that the Sudanese government have not met the factors listed in EO 13761. This study discusses to learn how was the process of the policy of the United States Government while issued a Sudanese economic embargo in 2017. This is an explanatives research to explain the inter-process interrelationship of foreign policy made by the United States towards Sudan using one of the policy making models by Graham Allison, the Rational Actor Model (RAM). RAM is selected by the rational reasons, in this case is the state. In addition, in the first model the reciprocity of decisions produced can be challenges or opportunities. US policy during the Obama administration produced a policy by increasing the costs and benefits of each policy choice that had been determined based on its relevance to the issue or problem involved.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FISIP/2020/187/052003241 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Embargo ekonomi, Kebijakan Luar Negeri, Rational Actor Model , Economic Embargo, Foreign Policy, Rational Actor Model |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 327 International relations > 327.1 Foreign policy and specific topics in international relations > 327.109 73 Foreign policy and specific topics in international relations (United States) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik > Hubungan Internasional |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 03 Sep 2020 15:43 |
| Last Modified: | 17 Apr 2023 03:53 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/180834 |
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Text (DALAM MASA EMBARGO)
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