Uji Mutu Benih Melon (Cucumis Melo L.) Hasil Persilangan Beberapa Varietas

Devi, Kadek Dwi Primayanti (2019) Uji Mutu Benih Melon (Cucumis Melo L.) Hasil Persilangan Beberapa Varietas. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Melon merupakan salah satu tanaman hortikultura yang berasal dari family Cucurbitaceae. Buah melon telah banyak dikembangkan di Indonesia karena memiliki nilai ekonomi yang cukup tinggi dan masih memerlukan pengembangan terutama pada peningkatan hasil dan kualitas buahnya. Kebutuhan konsumsi melon oleh masyarakat Indonesia mencapai 1,186,914 kuintal pada tahun 2018 (Direktorat Jenderal Hortikultura, 2018). Salah satu masalah dalam produksi melon adalah mutu benih yang masih rendah. Untuk meningkatkan produksi sesuai kebutuhan masyarakat perlu adanya benih yang tersedia dengan kualitas dan kuantitas yang memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mutu benih melon hasil persilangan beberapa varietas. Hipotesis yang mendasari penelitian ini adalah terdapat perbedaan mutu benih melon dari hasil persilangan beberapa varietas. Penelitian ini dilakukan bulan Agustus 2019 di Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya. Bahan utama yang digunakan dalam penelitian ialah benih F1 hasil persilangan varietas Melindo, Madesta dan Glamour. Bahan lain yang digunakan ialah kertas label, kertas merang, plastik mika, spidol permanen, karet gelang, dan plastik klip. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ialah timbangan analitik, jangka sorong, baki, botol sprayer, germinator, oven, desikator, cawan, alat tulis dan kamera. Pada setiap set persilangan ditempatkan pada 1 grup(kelas) yang penataanya disusun berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Setiap set persilangan terdapat 6 jenis benih yang merupakan hasil perlakuan persilangan, dimana setiap benih set persilangan diulang sebanyak 3 kali dan setiap jenis benih menggunakan 5 benih, sehingga pada masing-masing set persilangan terdapat 90 benih dan total benih yang dibutuhkan pada keseluruhan setiap set persilangan yaitu 270 benih. Karakter yang diamati meliputi kemurnian benih, bobot 100 benih, ukuran benih, kadar air benih, karakter tersebut dianalisis menggunakan Statistika Deskriptif. Sedangkan karakter viabilitas dan vigor benih (indeks vigor, daya kecambah, laju perkecambahan kecepatan tumbuh, potensi tumbuh maksimum, benih normal, benih abnormal, benih mati, benih segar tidak tumbuh, benih keras dan keserempakan tumbuh) dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) untuk menganalisis keseluruhan data karakter kuantitatif pada setiap kelas set persilangan. Jika hasil ragam memberikan pengaruh yang nyata akan dianalisis lebih lanjut dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) taraf 5%. Terdapat perbedaan mutu benih pada seluruh set persilangan. Karakter kemurnian benih pada set persilangan ME x ME dan ME x GL memiliki nilai rata-rata yang sama dibandingkan set persilangan ME x MD. Karakter bobot 100 benih pada set persilangan ME x ME memiliki nilai rata-rata yang paling tinggi dibandingkan set persilangan ME x MD dan ME x GL. Karakter ukuran benih pada set persilangan ME x MD memiliki nilai rata-rata yang paling tinggi dibandingkan set persilangan ME x ME dan ME x GL. Karakter kadar air benihii pada set persilangan ME x ME memiliki nilai rata-rata yang paling tinggi dibandingkan set persilangan ME x MD dan ME x GL. Uji viabilitas menunjukkan hasil yang tidak nyata yang terdapat pada seluruh set persilangan, sedangkan pada uji vigor terdapat hasil yang berbeda nyata pada variabel kecepatan tumbuh dan keserempakan tumbuh yang terdapat pada set persilangan ME x MD dan ME x GL adapun pada set persilangan ME x ME memiliki hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata pada seluruh variabel.

English Abstract

Melon is one of the horticultural plants from Cucurbitaceae family. Melon is highly developed in Indonesia because its high price and still requires development, especially on improving the number of product and its quality. Melon comsumtion of Indonesian reachs 1,186,914 quintal in 2018 (Direktorat Jenderal Hortikultura, 2018). One of the problems in melon production is the low quality of seeds. To increase production according to the needs of the community, it is necessary to have available seeds with adequate quality and quantity. The seed is a symbol of the beginning of plant life. This Research’s purpose is to get the melon seeds quality of crossing several variety result. The hypothesis of this research is there are a difference between melon seeds quality of crossing several varieties. This research was conducted in first Agust 2019. This research was conducted at the Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya. The main ingredient used in this research is F1 seeds from crossing varieties of Melindo, Madesta and Glamor. Other materials used are label paper, straw paper, mica plastic, permanent markers, rubber bands, and plastic clips. The tools used in the research are analytical scales, slide calipers, trays, sprayer bottles, germinators, ovens, desiccators, plates, stationery and cameras. Each set of crosses is placed in 1 group (class) whose arrangement is based on a Completely Randomized Design (RAL). There are 6 types of seeds in each set of crosses which are the result of crossing treatment, and each seed from the combination of crosses will be repeated 3 repeat and each type of seed uses 5 seeds, so that in each set of crosses there are 90 seeds and the total seeds needed for each whole set of crosses which are 270 seeds. The observed characters are purity seeds, weight of 100 seeds, seed's size and seed moisture content. Those characters were analyzed using Descriptive Statistics. While the viability and vigor characteristics of the seeds (vigor index, germination rate, germination rate of growth speed, maximum growth potential, normal seed, abnormal seed, dead seed, freshly grown seed, hard seed and growing power) were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to analyze overall quantitative character data in each cross set class. If the results of the variety have a real influence, then it will be further analyzed using the Least Significant Difference test (BNT) level of 5%. There are differences in the quality of seeds in all sets of crosses. The character of seed purity in the ME x ME and ME xGL crossing sets have a higher average value than the others. The weight character of 100 seeds in the crossing set of ME x ME has the highest average value compared to the others. The seed size character in the ME x MD crossing set has the highest average value compared to the others. The moisture content of seeds in the ME x ME crossing set had the highest average value compared to the others. The viability test showed unreal results found in all sets of crosses, whereas in the vigor test there were significantly different results on the vigor index, growth speed, and theiv simultaneity grows found in the ME x MD and ME x GL crossing set. While in the ME x ME crossed set have values that are not significantly different.

Other obstract

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Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	SKR/FP/2019/874/052000950
Subjects:	600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 681 Precision instruments and other devices > 681.2 Testing, measuring, sensing instruments
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian
Depositing User:	Nur Cholis
Date Deposited:	10 Aug 2020 08:10
Last Modified:	25 Oct 2021 07:23
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/179556

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