Sa’diyah, Zenny Faridatus (2019) Analisis Air Tersedia Pada Lahan Pertanian Di Berbagai Kelerengan Desa Gunungsari, Bumiaji, Kota Batu. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Air tersedia menjadi salah satu hal yang penting bagi tanaman. Pada pertanian lahan kering, masalah yang sering terjadi adalah kecukupan air karena supply air hanya mengandalkan air hujan dan besarnya limpasan permukaan karena kondisi lahan yang berlereng. Desa Gunungsari, Kecamatan Bumiaji, Kota Batu merupakan kawasan pertanian lahan kering yang patut untuk dikembangkan menjadi desa wisata baik buah, bunga, maupun sayur. Keunggulan mutu hasil pertanian harus dijaga untuk mencapai desa wisata yang unggul, salah satunya dengan memenuhi kebutuhan air tanaman yang menjadi faktor pertumbuhan. Namun, kondisi lahan yang berlereng datar hingga curam cukup mengkhawatirkan karena semakin besar lereng maka semakin besar limpasan permukaan yang terjadi dan jumlah air dalam tanah semakin terbatas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui air tersedia pada lahan pertanian di berbagai kelerengan hingga faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian dilakukan mulai Mei sampai Juli 2019 yang berlokasi di Desa Gunungsari, Kecamatan Bumiaji, Kota Batu. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei dengan 7 plot penelitian diantaranya yaitu HLK (Hutan, 8-15%) sebagai kontrol, KL1 (Kebun, 3-8%), KL2 (Kebun, 8-15%), KL3 (Kebun, 15-30%), TL1 (Tegalan, 3-8%), TL2 (Tegalan, 8-15%), dan TL3 (Tegalan, 15-30%). Penentuan plot penelitian berdasarkan Satuan Peta Lahan (SPL) dan pengambilan contoh tanah pada masing-masing plot dilakukan di tiap kedalaman sebanyak 3 kali ulangan. Parameter-parameter yang digunakan adalah air tersedia ukuran pori (makro, meso, mikro), tekstur (pasir, debu, liat), berat isi, dan bahan organik. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu uji korelasi dan regresi berganda menggunakan SPSS pada masing-masing parameter terhadap air tersedia. Hasil yang didapatkan bahwa kadar air tersedia tertinggi terdapat pada plot hutan (kontrol) sebesar 34,65% di kedalaman 39/51-53/67 cm, lalu diikuti dengan lahan pertanian kebun dan tegalan sebesar 30,41% di kedalaman 45/47-72/79 cm dan 29,12% di kedalaman 31/35-50 cm. Faktor kelerengan menunjukkan adanya pengaruh terhadap air tersedia hanya di lapisan atas. Kadar air tersedia semakin menurun seiring dengan besarnya tingkat kelerengan, pada lahan pertanian kebun secara berturut-turut sebesar 30,00%, 29,72%, dan 25,48%, dan lahan tegalan sebesar 26,76%, 25,99%, dan 20,25%. Kondisi air tersedia di setiap kedalaman berfluktuasi sehingga lereng bukan faktor satu-satunya. Faktor lain termasuk kondisi lahan berupa tutupan lahan, tingkat pengelolaan, serta kondisi sifat fisik dan kimia tanah, terutama pori meso yang berhubungan dengan besarnya kapasitas memegang air di lokasi penelitian. Hasil uji korelasi dan regresi berganda menunjukkan bahwa pori meso berhubungan sangat kuat dan positif (r= 0,839) dan berpengaruh paling besar terhadap air tersedia (koefisien regresi sebesar 0,746). Secara keseluruhan hasil uji regresi berganda menunjukkan bahwa semua faktor yang diujikan secara bersamaan (ukuran pori, bahan organik, tekstur, dan kemantapan agregat) berpengaruh terhadap air tersedia.
English Abstract
Available water is an important thing for plants. In dry land agriculture, the problem that often occurs is the sufficiency of water and the amount of surface runoff. The problem of water sufficiency is that water supply only relies on rainwater, and the amount of surface runoff occurs due to sloping land conditions. Gunungsari Village, Bumiaji Subdistrict, Batu City is a dry land farming area that deserves to be developed into a tourism village both fruit, flower and vegetable. The superiority of the quality of agricultural products must be maintained to achieve a superior tourism village, one of them by satisfy the water of plant which is a growth factor. However, the condition of land that is flat to steep is quite worrying because the larger the slope, the greater the surface runoff that occurs and the amount of water in the soil is increasingly limited. Therefore, this research is important to analyze available water on agricultural land in various slopes to the factors that influence it. This research was conducted from May to July 2019 which is located in Gunungsari Village, Bumiaji District, Batu City. The research used a survey method with 7 research plots including HLK (Forest, 8-15%) as a control, KL1 (Garden, 3-8%), KL2 (Garden, 8-15%), KL3 (Garden, 15-30% ), TL1 (Field, 3- 8%), TL2 (Field, 8-15%), and TL3 (Field, 15-30%). The provisions of the research plot based on the Land Map Unit (SPL) and soil sampling in each plot carried out at every depth soil of 3 replications. The parameters used are available water pore size (macro, meso, micro), texture (sand, silt, clay), bulk density, and organic matter. Analysis data used correlation test and multiple regression using SPSS on each parameter to the available water. The results obtained that the highest available water was found in forest plot (control) of 34.65% at a depth of 39/51-53/67 cm, then followed by agriculture land of gardens and fields of 30.41% at a depth of 45/47-72/79 cm and 29.12% at a depth of 31/35-50 cm. Slope factor indicates the influence on water available only in the top soil. The available water content is decreases with increasing slope, in agricultural land of gardens respectively 30.00%, 29.72%, and 25.48%, and field respectively 26.76%, 25.99%, and 20.25%. Water available at every depth fluctuate, so slopes are not the only factor. Another factors that influence available water include land conditions such as land cover, intensive land management, physical and chemical propeties, especially meso pores which are related to the amount of water holding capacity at the research site. The results of correlation and multiple regression tests show that meso pores are strongly and positively related (r = 0.839) and have the greatest effect on available water (regression coefficient of 0.746). Overall the results of the multiple regression test showed that all factors tested together (pore size, organic matter, texture, and aggregate stability) affected the water available.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/882/052000922 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 333 Economics of land and energy > 333.7 Land, recreational and wilderness areas, energy > 333.76 Rural lands |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 03 Nov 2020 11:51 |
| Last Modified: | 25 Oct 2021 06:59 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/179492 |
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