Damopolii, Inca Nadya (2019) Kekuatan Pembuktian Wasiat Di Bawah Tangan Dan Jual Beli Tanah Warisan Tanpa Adanya Bukti Tertulis Antar Para Ahli Waris (Studi Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Bitung Nomor 43/Pdt.G/2015/PN.Bit). Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tesis ini menganalisis kekuatan pembuktian wasiat dibawah tangan dan jual beli tanpa adanya bukti tertulis, ratio legis hakim mengesahkan wasiat di bawah tangan dan jual beli tanpa adanya bukti tertulis, dan formulasi dasar pertimbangan hukum putusan hakim di masa mendatang terkait Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Bitung Nomor 43/Pdt.G/2015/PN.Bit. Bab I menguraikan latar belakang masalah tentang adanya kekaburan norma dimana dalam putusannya hakim memutuskan bahwa mengesahkan jual beli secara lisan antara Penggugat dan tergugat, serta mengesahkan surat wasiat yang dibuat oleh Ibu dari Penggugat dan Tergugat. Selanjutnya dalam Hukum Acara Perdata yang berlaku di Indonesia menganut asas pembuktian formal, dimana bahwa bukti surat yang merupakan alat bukti tertulis merupakan hal yang sangat penting dalam suatu pembuktian. Sehingga peneliti memiliki ketertarikan mengkaji kekuatan pembuktian jual beli secara lisan yang dilakukan antar penggugat dan tergugat, serta kekuatan pembuktian dari wasiat di bawah tangan yang diberikan oleh Ibu dari penggugat dan tergugat kepada penggugat. Berdasarkan latar belakang masalah tersebut, maka pada sub ini juga diuraikan tentang rumusan masalah, tujuan penelitian, manfaat penelitian, kerangka teoritik dan definisi konseptual, serta orisinalitas penelitian. Bab II menguraikan tentang tinjauan pustaka. Tinjauan pustaka dijabarkan menjadi beberapa sub bab antara lain: Pertama membahas tinjauan tentang perjanjian dan jual beli tanah, pengertian perjanjian, syarat sahnya perjanjian, dan pengertian jual beli tanah menurut hukum nasional dan hukum adat. Kedua, membahas warisan dan wasiat dalam prespektif hukum adat, pengertian hukum waris adat, asas-asas hukum waris adat, pengertian hibah wasiat dan ruang lingkup, dan syarat-syarat wasiat. Ketiga, membahas iii pembuktian dalam hukum acara perdata di Indonesia, pengertian pembuktian dan asas-asas hukum pembuktian. Keempat, membahas tentang pendaftaran tanah di Indonesia, pengertian pendaftaran tanah, asas-asas pendaftaran tanah, sertifikat sebagai tanda bukti hak, dan pengertian pejabat pembuat akta tanah. menguraikan tentang metode penelitian. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tinjauan kepustakaan (library research). Metode penelitian dijabarkan menjadi beberapa sub bab antara lain: Pertama, jenis penelitian. Kedua, metode pendekatan. Ketiga, jenis dan sumber bahan hukum. Keempat, teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum. Kelima, teknik analisis bahan hukum. Bab IV merupakan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan rumusan masalah pertama, kedua, dan ketiga. Hasil dari rumusan masalah menurut Hukum Waris Adat surat wasiat merupakan kehendak dari pewaris kepada ahli waris baik berupa tulisan maupun lisan yang berlaku setelah pewaris meninggal dunia. Jadi di dalam Hukum Waris Adat tidak menentukan juga apakah harus dibuat secara tertulis (baik dengan akta atau di bawah tangan) maupun secara lisan saja. Perjanjian lisan sebetulnya sudah bisa memenuhi unsur kata sepakat. Namun, dalam hal tertentu, perjanjian minimal dibuat tertulis. Fungsinya untuk kepentingan pembuktian. Pasal 19 PP No. 10 Tahun 1961 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah menjelaskan bahwa setiap perjanjian peralihan hak atas tanah harus dibuktikan dengan akta yang dibuat oleh dan dihadapan “Pejabat” yang ditunjuk oleh Menteri Agraria. Bab V merupakan kesimulan dan saran, Kesimpulan: wasiat di bawah tangan merupakan sah selama terdapat 2 orang saksi yang menyatakan membenarkan surat wasiat tersebut. Jual beli tanah yang dilakukan Penggugat dan Tergugat tidak dilakukan Pejabat yang berwenang, maka tidak memiliki kekuatan hukum yang kuat karena tidak sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Saran: hendaknya bagi masyarakat dalam setiap melakukan perbuat peralihan hak atas tanah baiknya harus dibuatkan akta otentik di hadapan pejabat yang berwenang (notaris/PPAT). Hendaknya pemerintah segera mebuat Undang-Undang tentang Hukum Waris Nasional dan segera menerbitkan Undang-Undang Pertanahan.
English Abstract
This thesis analyses the force of proof over a will made underhand and sale and purchase agreement without any written proof, ratio legis behind the legalisation of the will made underhand and sale and purchase not supported with any written proof, and basic formulation of legal consideration regarding decisions made by judges in the future in reference to the District Court Decision of Bitung Nuber 43/Pdt.G/2015/PN.Bit. Chapter I elaborates the research background concerning vague of norm where the decision validated the sale and purchase without any written evidence between the plaintiff and the defendant and legalised the will made by the mother of the plaintiff and defendant. Civil Law in Indonesia refers to the principle of formal evidence, where the existence of written proof is considered very important. Due to this issue, this research is aimed to study the force of oral proof in sale and purchase between the plaintiff and defendant and the force of proof of the will made underhand given by the mother of both the plaintiff and defendant to the defendant. The sub-chapter also elaborates research problems, objectives of the research, significance of the research, theoretical framework, conceptual definition, and originality of the research. Chapter II is intended to elaborate literature review detailed into several sub chapters: review on agreement in sale and purchase of land, definition of agreement, validity of agreement, definition of sale and purchase of land based on national and adat law. This chapter will also discuss inheritance and a will in the perspective of adat law, definition of adat inheritance law, principles of adat inheritance law, definition of testamentary bequest and scope, and requirements of the will. In the third sub topic, it discusses proof in civil law of Indonesia, definition of proof and principles of law concerning proof. Fourth, it covers land v registration in Indonesia, definition of land registration, principles of land registration, certificate as a proof of rights of ownership, and definition of land deed officials. Chapter III elaborates research methods that mainly employed library research. The methods of research are divided into several sub chapters including type or research, approach method, types and sources of legal materials, methods of legal material collection, and technique of analysis of legal materials. Chapter IV contains research results and discussion of first, second, and third research problems. The research reveals that the will is made on the preference of the testator to the heir either in written or oral form. The will validity will last as long as the testator is still alive. However, it is not regulated in adat inheritance law concerning whether the will must be made in a written form (either with a deed or underhand) or in an oral form. Oral form actually has its capacity to fulfil the requirement of agreement. However, to some extent, agreement should at least be made in a written form for the sake of proof. Article 19 of Government Regulation Number 10 of 1961 concerning Land Registration states that an agreement of rights-to-land conveyance must be proven by means of deed made by and before an ‘official’ appointed by Agrarian Minister. represents conclusion and recommendations. The conclusion concludes that the will made underhand is considered valid under the condition that there are at least two witnesses stating that the content of the will is true. The sale and purchase of land between the plaintiff and defendant were not performed by an authorised official, leaving it with no legal force since it is not relevant to the existing law. It is recommended that there be an authentic deed issued by an authorised official (by a notary or Land Deed Officials) that serves as fundamental proof of rights-to-land transfer. Recommendation is also addressed to the government where Law concerning National Inheritance Law must be formulated and Law concerning Land must be immediately put into force.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/346.052/DAM/k/2019/042000435 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | INHERITANCE AND SUCCESSION-LAW AND LEGISLATION |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 346 Private law > 346.05 Inheritance, succession, fiduciary trusts, trustees > 346.052 Inheritance and succession |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Kenotariatan, Fakultas Hukum |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Jan 2020 01:23 |
| Last Modified: | 25 Oct 2021 06:23 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/178076 |
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